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GENETIK
Agus Slamet, S.Pd., M.Sc
Program studi Pendidikan Biologi
Universitas Muhammadiyah Buton
Molekul DNA
Watson and Crick (1953)
Menggunakan data X-ray crystallography, yang dibuat oleh Rosalind Franklin dan
Maurice Wilkins di King's College London, menjelaskan struktur DNA.
Molekul DNA:
1. Terdiri atas subunit-subunit yang disebut nucleotide
(adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, thymidine monophosphate)
2. Tiap nucleotide tersusun atas gula, fosfat dan basa nitrogen.
3. Ada 4 basa pada DNA molekul:
Adenine - A (purine)
Cytosine - C (pyrimidine)
Guanine - G (purine)
Thymine - T (pyrimidine)
The number of purine bases equals the number of pyrimidine bases (A+G) = (C+T)
The number of adenine bases equals the number of thymine bases A = T
The number of guanine bases equals the number of cytosine bases G = C
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Basic Structure of Nucleic Acids
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Acid 5’
Base
1’
4’ Adenine
Monophosphate Guanine Purine
Sugar
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Diphosphate Thymine
Triphosphate Cytosine Pyrimidine
3’ 2’ Uracil
Ribose,
Deoxyribose
Nucleoside (Adenosine) 3
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ANIMASI
STRUKTUR
KROMOSOM
2 nm
B DNA Helix
Histone
octomer
Histone proteins
B DNA Helix 2 nm
11 nm Histone
octomer
Histone proteins
Nucleosome
B DNA Helix 2 nm
30 nm Looped
Tight helical 200 nm Domains
fiber
Protein scaffold
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Packaging DNA
11 nm
Nucleosomes
Metaphase
Chromosome
30 nm 700 nm
Tight helical fiber 200 nm Looped Domains
2 nm
Protein scaffold
B DNA Helix
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Replikasi DNA
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Central Dogma
The following diagram displays the flow of genetic information from DNA to
the protein. This can be interpreted in genetic terms by saying that
information contained in genes (DNA) is eventually expressed as the
phenotype (protein).
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Genetic code
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Template DNA strand
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5` 3`
coding DNA strand
3` 5`
template DNA strand
Transcription
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5` 3`
mRNA
Translation
C
N
Peptide chain
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• Fragmen DNA berikut ini adalah suatu gen
berukuran kecil yang mengkode polipeptida yang
sangat pendek. Pita ke-dua merupakan pita
template.
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ATG AGT TAC ACT TCG ATC TAC TGA
TAC TCA ATG TGA AGC TAG ATG ACT