Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
• a) phytoalexin is formed only when the host cells come into contact
(Hammerschmidt, 1999)
• Derived from one or more primary biosynthetic pathway
Capsidol-MVA
pisatin- shikimic A and acetate -malonate pathway
(Merk-Turk, 2002)
TYPES OF PHYTOALEXINS:
• Ipomoeamarone:
• It is an abnormal sesquiterpinoid induced in sweet potato tissue
infected with black rot fungus Ceratocystis fimbriata. It has a
striking inhibitory effect on the fungus even in 0.1% concentrations.
More phytoalexin is produced in the resistant varieties than in
susceptible ones.
(Ahuja et al, 2012)
• Pisatin:
▫ It has the chromocoumarin ring system and is a
phenolic ether. produced in pea in response to
inoculation with many fungi or injury.
▫ Production of pisatin by peapods inoculated with
Monilia fructicola , a non pathogen is reduced at high
temperature &on anaerobic storage. It is a weak
antibiotic with broad spectrum
contd….
• Phaseollin:
▫ It is similar to pisatin in chemistry and function. It is
fungicidal at high concentrations and fungistatic at low
concentrations against S. fructigena.
Glyceollin:
produced in soybean plants infected with the fungus
Phytophthora megasperma f.sp.glycinea.
Inoculation of fungal races resulted in higher
concentrations in incompatible host cultivars than in
inoculations of fungal races on compatible cultivars.
• Isocoumarin:
▫ isolated from carrot root tissues inoculated with a fungus
non-pathogenic to carrot, Ceratocystis fimbriata.
• Xanthotoxin:
▫ Isolated from parsnip root discs inoculated with C. fimbriata
Inoculation with other non pathogens resulted in production of
xanthotoxin
Capsidiol:
it is a sequisterpene phytoalexin produced in pepper fruits
inoculated with a non – pathogenic fungi. Produced
concentrations are sufficient to inhibit these fungi in vitro.
Medicarpin:
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) inoculated with a series of
pathogens and non pathogens have been studied.
The antifungal compound was isolated and identified as
Medicarpin
• Camalexin:
▫ an indolic secondary metabolite, is a major phytoalexin in
Arabidopsis thaliana. Its synthesis is stimulated by a variety of
microorganisms
▫ including Pseudomonas syringae, Alternaria brassicicola, and
Botrytis cinerea and by
▫ some abiotic stresses, such as AgNO3 and amino acid starvation, and
it has been shown to inhibit the growth of fungal pathogens.