application of design sea dike and protection

guideline and manual

N
S
P
M

Michel Tonneijck
Sea Defence Consultants
area flooding problem

Intrusion of sea water during

spring tides and during storm
conditions

e.g. every two years

considerable damage,
sometimes lives endangered
task for engineer

Design a dike
high and strong enough

(safety level: 1/25 per year)

 construction proposed by engineer

• sea dike
• gentle slope
• clay
• rubble mound protection

how was the design achieved?

firstly application of
guideline chapter 1 how was this result achieved?

type of coast is described in guideline:

• sandy coast, no dunes, 1200 m length
N
• stable coast ( only seasonal erosion and
accretion)
S
• expected land subsidence 1 cm/yr
• earthquake acceleration: 0.1g
P
• wave regime known at MSL ─ 8.00 m
M • inhabited area, economically growing, little
factory and starting tourism
 application of
guideline part:
selection solutions
considerations
ADAPTIVE why and how to start coastal protection:
MEASURES
• area is hampered in economic development
PROTECTION • area has capacity to grow
PARTLY VIABLE
• flood protection is viable/feasible
FLOODING • required flood protection level 1/25 per year,
(comparable probability of river flooding)
FULLPROTECTION • stone, clay and sand available nearby
VIABLE
• dike:
FULLPROTECTION - flexible to raise in future
VIABLE - less vulnerable to earthquake damage
- can be built by local people
NOURISHMENT
TIDAL WALL
DIKE
Hence task for engineer:
dike with wave protection
application of
manual start of the design process
1. are there sufficient data?
2. from volume 5, Survey and data:
N • expected land subsidence 1 cm/yr
• earthquake acceleration: 0.1g
• wave regime known at MSL ─ 8.00 m
S • tidal data given
3. NO, not sufficient data: waves in front of dike
P not available 
measuring depth and measuring waves 30 days
or calculation
M 4. NO, no data about subsoil (geotechnical
strength)
application of
manual part clay dike start of the design process

clay dike
basic design
crest height
protection
filter
toe rubble mound wave protection
clay core

core
toe construction
crest width
inner slope
Manual Design conditions h, Hs, T
step 1 and 2 water level, wave at 1/25 per yr

LAT -0.40 m
nearshore offshore
HAT +0.65 m
x
Hs at -8m 3.2 m 2 design water level

Tp 16.9 s -100
0
0 100 200 300 400 500
MSL
-2

x Depth -4
-8m
-6
30 -0.90 m
-8
70 -2.75 m
-10

300 -8.00 m
•max. nearshore wave depends on water depth
•transfer offshore wave to nearshore wave height
•use wave height at distance x from structure
(based on the wave length)
 Manual
step 3 Crest height calculation
clay dike

crest height
protection wave overtopping
height
filter
toe Design water level
core

crest width slope 1:2, steep inner slope,

inner slope no significant overtopping

Manual optimalisation:
gentler seaward slope angle: lower crest
box 4
protected landside slope: lower crest
Manual
step 6
Protection dn50

clay dike
t

crest height Parameters:

protection -Outer slope 1:2
filter -Permeability coefficient: 0.1
toe
-Damage number: 2
core
-Number of waves: 3000
crest width
-Layer thickness: 2dn50  2 x 0.85 m 
inner slope
W=1350 kg
Manual optimalisation:
gentler slope angle
step 7 adjustment to available stone grading
Manual
step 8

clay dike

crest height
protection
filter
toe
Geo-textile
core gravel (filter) prevents Prevents sand from
crest width rupture and damage of washing out
geo-textile
inner slope
Manual
step 9 toe construction
clay dike

crest height
protection
filter Parameters: erosion depth
toe (attention!! Long-term erosion on an
core erosive coastline requires a
different approach for the toe)
crest width
inner slope
Manual
step 9
Dimensions
clay dike
Toe depth Toe width
crest height
protection
filter Hs = 2.2 m
MSL
toe
core ds = 2.2 m ds = 2.2 m
crest width
inner slope

Toe depth Toe width

MSL -2.2 m 4.4 m
Manual
step 10 Material-watertightness
clay dike Complete clay core to
ensure impermeability
crest height
protection
filter
toe Sand core, with a
waterthight clay layer
core

crest width
inner slope
Manual
step 10A Crest width

clay dike
The minimal crest width should be
crest height 3 m (accessibility during
construction)
protection 3m
filter
toe
core

crest width
inner slope
Manual
step 11 Piping
clay dike Piping without sufficient
piping length
crest height
ΔH = 0.85 m
protection
filter
toe Lp = 15.3 m
core

crest width Slope + width

inner slope

Inner slope
1:2 enough
Manual
step 12
Variation wave overtopping
clay dike Overtopping without
sufficient armour on the
inner slope
crest height
protection
filter
toe
Overtopping with sufficient
core armour on the inner slope
crest width
inner slope
Final design

dn50 = 0.8 m 3m
t = 1.6 m MSL +5.2 m

100-250 kg
Clay core

4.4 m MSL -2.2 m

what is still missing?

• geotechnical stability inner slope

• earhquake acceleration
• considerations safety level
(1/25 from sea + 1/25 from river  greater
probability of flooding than 1/25)
Construction and maintenance

1. costs
• conceptual phase, feasibility
• planning and design

-----------------
• construction costs
• compensation costs
• maintenance vs construction
• maintenance and repair
Construction and maintenance
1. construction and supervison
• availability of local materials
• accessibility for contractor
• construction period
• settlements and quality of work
• supervision and relation design
2. operation and maintenance
• regular inspection of quality
• inspection and repair after storm
(under water level, revetment quality,
vegetation cover, transitions)
• enforcement of regulations