Information Systems

Compiled By: Hina Ismat

Strictly no cell phone use during
class
Introduction??
Introduce Yourselves!!!!
Presentation Contents
• Announcement
• Class Introduction
• Instructor’s Introduction
• Introduction to Course
• Student Guidelines
• Grading Criteria
• Course Material
• Assignments
• Quizzes
 Objectives and Outcomes of the
Course
• Objectives:
• Define computer based information systems
• Why information systems are so important
today for business and management.
• The role of the major types of information
systems in a business environment and their
relationship to each other.
• Assess the impact of the internet and internet
technology on business electronic commerce
and electronic business.
• The major management challenges to building
and using Information Systems.
• Skills and experience in the development and
implementation of information systems
projects.
• Outcomes:
• The road map may contain other Information
focused subjects: Project Management,
Technology Management, Database Systems,
HCI, Business Process Management, Data
Mining etc.
• Students graduating will be able to choose
many different roles; becoming IT and IS
consultants, project planners, project
managers, interface designers, information
systems researchers, web developers, and
systems analysts.
Grading Criteria
• Assignments : 15 %
• Presentation: 5 %
• Term Paper: 10%
• Quizzes : 5 %
• Mid Term : 20 %
• Final Term : 60 %
• Attendance: All students are supposed to attend 100%
classes, However 75% attendance is mandatory to make you
eligible for the final examination. NO EXCUSES
Course Material
1. Raymond Mcleod . Management
Information Systems 10th
Edition.
2. Laudon, Kenneth C. & Laudan Jane
P. Management Information
System: (latest edition)
3. Kelly. R., Rainer, J. & Turban,. F,
Introduction to Information
Systems: Supporting and
Transforming Business, Publisher:
Wiley; 2ndedition, 2008.
4. Lewis.P, Information Systems
Development, Pitman Publishing.
5. Jessup.L, & Joseph.V, Information
Systems Today: Managing in the
Digital World, Prentice Hall;
3rdedition, 2007.
•
Other Guidelines for Students:
• Assignments:
• Quizzes: • All the assignments must be
• All the Quizzes will be submitted on time. – No late
unannounced. assignments will be marked in
any case.
• Quizzes may be of • Submit your assignments on
different weights based the portal defined, else you
upon actual marks for can also email at
each quiz. hina.ismat@ue.edu.pk and
mention in subject: your
name, your full roll no., your
class and your assignment no.
• Students are encouraged to
discuss assignments but it is
important that everyone
works on his/her own
assignment.
 What is an Information?
• knowledge obtained from
investigation, study, or instruction. –
Merriam Webster Dictionary
• Information is stimuli that has
meaning in some context for its
receiver.
• The word "data" is plural for "datum.“
• When information is entered
into and stored in a computer, it is
generally referred to as data.
• Anything that is processing
information and making it useful for
the others falls under Information Data
based technologies.

Information – Useful
 Data Online
• Personal and Private Data
• Opinions, Documents, Contacts
• Political Views etc.
Structured Data or Unstructured Data
Structure – Pre-defined format
Easy to Search
Unstructured – Not in defined
format
Difficult to search
i.e. CNIC, Date
Chats , Opinions
• With use of technology – Amount of data growing
rapidly.
• It all needs to be stored, categorized searched and
sorted.
• Global growth trend of data volume, 2006-2020

In fact, we are producing 2.5

quintillion bytes of data each
day.
What is an Information System?
Information systems are the software and
hardware systems that support data-
intensive applications.
Any specific information system aims to
support operations, management and
decision-making.
What is an Information System?
An organized combination of people,
hardware, software, communications
networks, and data resources that collects
data, transforms it, and disseminates
information.
Information Systems
Information System: Computer based tools for
collecting, storing and processing data.
Information Systems
Many major companies are built entirely around information
systems.
These include:
1. eBay - a largely auction marketplace;
2. Amazon - an expanding electronic mall and provider of
services;
3. Alibaba - a business-to-business e-marketplace;
4. Google - a search engine company that derives most of its
revenue from keyword advertising on Internet searches.
• How do we manage all this data?
• The answer is Information Systems!
• We rely on Information systems to
• Store
• Create
• Control
• Find
• Access
Computers
• Computer Applications in
business since mid
1950’s.
• First widely marketed
computer was UNIVAC I
installed at the U.S census
Bureau in 1951.
• IBM – International
Business Machines quickly
created a complete range
of products in 1960.
• Minicomputers appeared
in 1970’s which were
smaller than large
mainframes and were
popular with scientific
users.
• In 1980’s Minicomputers
emerged for use in small
firms as well as for
individuals.
• Workstations - PC
• Mainframes are used by
large organizations for
critical applications i.e. bulk
processing.
• A supercomputer is
a computer with a high level
of performance compared
to a general-purpose
computer.
Cont.
• A good measure of the rapid innovation in
hardware technology is Moore’s Law, which asserts
that the power of a computer doubles every 18
months. (With the increase of number of
transistors per square inch on IC’s) The
consequence of this Law is that in 30 years the
computer on your desk will be more than a million
times more powerful for the same cost.
• But the Architecture of computer (CPU, RAM, Storage
and other features) will remain the same.
• It is observation made in 1965 by Gordon Moore, co
founder of Intel.
Computer Vs Communications
• Communications and • Communication
Computers go hand in between computers has
hand. grown as the use does.
• Swapping a credit card • Communication has
at a store would be leapt from simple
pointless if the store’s transmission down
computer and the copper wires to the
credit card company’s realm of wireless radio
computer were unable waves and fiber optics.
to communicate.
 Communication Architecture
• Telephone • Now computers can
communications between communicate over wireless
people came first. networks.
• Telephone communication Modem
system was never meant to
accommodate fast digital
communication.
• For digital data
communication both sides
must have a modem.
• Modem is a device that
modulates the digital signals
into analog signals and vice
versa.
 Information Systems
• Virtual systems, that enable management to control the
operations of the physical system of the firm.
• The physical system consists of tangible resources – materials,
personnel, machines and money.
• For example: an inventory storeroom containing
inventory items is a physical system, and the computer
based inventory master file is a virtual system that
represents that physical system.

Transformation
Input Resources Output Resources
Process
A Firm and its Environment
 To manage their operations

Businesses

Use Information
System

To interact with their customers and suppliers

Compete in market place Through target messages
Supply Chain – Managing the
physical resource flows
• The pathway that facilitates the flow of physical
resources from supplier to the firm and then to
customers is called supply-chain.
• Supply chain management includes:
• Forecasting customer demand
• Scheduling production
• Establishing transportation networks
• Ordering replenishment stock from suppliers
• Receiving stock from suppliers
• Managing inventory
• Executing production
• Transporting resources to customers
• Tracking the flow of resources from suppliers, through the
firm, and to customers.
Homework 1
• Walmart – Supply Chain Model
Porter’s Value Chain Model
• Micheal E. Porter
• IS can be used by an organization to improve its
performance and market position. – Competitive
Advantage
 Porter’s Value Chain Model

• Value chain analysis (VCA) is a process where a firm

identifies its primary and support activities that add
value to its final product and then analyze these
activities to reduce costs or increase differentiation.
• Value chain represents the internal activities a firm
engages in when transforming inputs into outputs.
Porter’s Value Chain Model
• Inbound Logistics: obtain raw material from suppliers
• Operations: firms operations that transform the raw material into
finished goods.
• Outbound Logistics: transport the goods to customers and sales
operations
• Support Activities: Involves the firms infrastructure
Porter’s 5 Forces Model
• Micheal E. Porter
• IS can be used by an organization to improve its
performance and market position. – Competitive
Advantage
Knowledge Management
• A firm’s information resources consist of:
• Computer Hardware
• Computer Software
• Information Specialists
• Users
• Facilities
• Databases
• Information
The stored Information
• It should “ACCURATE”
• A - Accurate
• C - Complete
• C – Cost effective
• U - Understandable
• R - Relevant
• A - Adaptable
• T - Timely
• E – Easy to use
Changing Nature of Knowledge
Management
• Early KM focused just on Transaction processing
systems i.e. order processing, inventory records
management, payroll calculations
• Legacy Systems
• Follow through book from page 65
Strategic Planning for Information
Resources
• CEO
• CIO
• CFO
• CTO
References
• Management Information Systems – Raymond
McLead, Jr., George Schell, 10th Edition