Magnetic circuits and

Transformer

Design By:
Sandeep Kaur
Assistant Professor
Chandigarh University-Gharuan

University Institute of Applied Science

 BASIC CONCEPTS OF MAGNETIC
CIRCUITS

In the general sense, a magnetic circuit is any

path taken by magnetic flux.
More specifically, it is associated with the
magnetic flux within silicon steel cores such as
those found in transformer, generators, motors,
relays, etc

15-12-2019
 Ohm’s Law:
MAGNETIC FIELD

• The space around the poles of a magnet is called

the magnetic field and is represented by
magnetic lines of forces.
• The number of flux lines per unit area is called
the flux density, is denoted by the capital letter
B, and is measured in teslas.

15-12-2019 3
MAGNETIC FIELD
 Similarities between Magnetic and
Electric circuits

15-12-2019 5
 Faraday's law's of
Electromagnetic induction

• First Law of Faraday's Electromagnetic Induction state that

whenever a conductor are placed in a varying magnetic field
emf are induced which is called induced emf, if the
conductor circuit are closed current are also induced which is
called induced current.
• Second Law of Faraday's Electromagnetic Induction state
that the induced emf is equal to the rate of change of flux
linkages (flux linkages is the product of turns, n of the coil
and the flux associated with it).

15-12-2019 6
 Self and Mutual inductance

• A circuit can create changing magnetic flux through itself,

which can induce an opposing voltage in itself is called self
inuctance.
• The changing magnetic field created by one circuit (the
primary) can induce a changing voltage and/or current in a
second circuit (the secondary) is called Mutual inuctance.

15-12-2019 7
 Self and Mutual inductance

15-12-2019 8
 Self and Mutual inductance

15-12-2019 9
 Self and Mutual inductance

15-12-2019 10
 Self and Mutual inductance

15-12-2019 11
 Transformer
• A transformer is a power converter that transfers energy
between two electrical circuits by inductive coupling between
two or more windings.
• If a load is connected to the secondary winding, current will
flow in this winding, and electrical energy will be transferred
from the primary circuit through the transformer to the load.
Transformers may be used for AC-to-AC conversion of a
single power frequency.
 Transformer
• A transformer is a power converter that transfers energy
between two electrical circuits by inductive coupling between
two or more windings.
• If a load is connected to the secondary winding, current will
flow in this winding, and electrical energy will be transferred
from the primary circuit through the transformer to the load.
Transformers may be used for AC-to-AC conversion of a
single power frequency.
 Transformer Construction-
Shell type

• Windings are wrapped around the center leg of a laminated core.

 Transformer Construction-
Core type

• Windings are wrapped around two sides of a laminated square core.

 Working of a single phase
transformer
1. When current in the primary coil
changes being alternating in nature, a
changing magnetic field is produced
2. This changing magnetic field gets
associated with the secondary through
the soft iron core
3. Hence magnetic flux linked with the
secondary coil changes.
4. Which induces e.m.f. in the
secondary.
Losses in a transformer
 Transformer Efficiency
Transformer efficiency is defined as (applies to motors, generators and
transformers): Pout
   100%
Pin
Pout
  100%
Pout  Ploss
Types of losses incurred in a transformer:
Copper I2R losses
Hysteresis losses
Eddy current losses
Therefore, for a transformer, efficiency may be calculated using the following:
VS I S cos 
 x100%
PCu  Pcore  VS I S cos 
Condition for maximum
efficiency
 FAQs

• What is meant by leakage flux.

• What do you mean by phasor and phasor diagram.
• What do you mean by capacitor.
• Define self and mutual inductance with respect to magnetic circuit.
• What are the losses occurring in a transformer.

15-12-2019
 References
• nptel.ac.in/downloads/108105053/
• www.slideshare.net/abhinaypotlabathini/magnetic-circuits-39152042
• www.powershow.com/.../Chapter_15_Magnetic_Circuits_and_Transform
ers_powerp..
• web.eecs.utk.edu/~green/notes/Magnetic%20Circuits%20Lecture.ppt
• martin.feld.cvut.cz/~hajekj1/soubory_AE1B13VVZ/05_Magnetic_circuit.p
pt