Departemen Teknik Industri

Systemic & Integrated

Approach

6. Sytemic & Integrated Approach 1

Departemen Teknik Industri

Integrated Approach
Memandang Sesuatu Secara Menyeluruh
Dan Komprehensif Tidak Bersifat Parsial

Systemic Approach

6. Sytemic & Integrated Approach 2

Departemen Teknik Industri

Contoh
Shortest Route ?
Origin
A 90 B
84 E 84 I
66
138
C 132
90 132
348
F 60 126
156
H
132 48
126
D
48 J
G 150
Destination

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Step Solved Its Closest Total Time n’th Nearest Its Min. Its Last
Nodes Conc.un Sl Involved Node Time Con’tion

1 A B 90 B 90 AB*
A D 138
A C 348

2 A C 138 C 138 AC
A D 348
B C 90+66=156
B E 90+84=174

3 A D 348
B E 90+84=174 E 174 BE*
C D 138+156=294
C F 138+90=228

4 A D 348
C D 138+156=294
C F 138+ 90=228 F 228 CF
E F 174+132=306
E I 174+84 =258
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Departemen Teknik Industri

Step Solved Its Closest Total Time n’th Nearest Its Min. Its Last
Nodes Conc.un Sl Involved Node Time Con’tion

5 A D 348
C D 138156=294
E I 174+84=258 I 258 EI*
F G 228132=360
F H 228+60=288

6 A D 348
C D 138+156=294
F G 228+132=360
F H 228+ 60=288 H 288 FH
I H 258+132=390
I J 258+126=384

7 A D 348
C D 138+156=294
F G 228+132=360
H G 288+ 48=336 G 336 HG
I J 258+126=384
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Departemen Teknik Industri

Step Solved Its Closest Total Time n’th Nearest Its Min. Its Last
Nodes Conc.un Sl Involved Node Time Con’tion

8 A D 348 D 348 AD
C D 138+156=294
G D 336+ 48=384
G J 336+150=486
H J 288+126=414
I J 258+126=384

9 G J 336+150=486
H J 288+126=414
I J 258+126=384 J 384 IJ*

Shortest Route : A B E I J ( 384)

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Solusi
• Parsial
– Methoda : Logik ambil jarak terpendek pada
setiap node
– Hasil : A-B-C-F-H-G-J (494)
• Integrated
– Methoda : Dinamik programmning
– Hasil : A-B-E-I-J ( 384)

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Systemic Aspect
• Structural Aspect
– Man, Machine, Material
• Functional Aspect
– Man-man, Man-Material, Man-Machine, Feed-back
• Boundary
• Environment
– Stakeholder and Societal
• Objective
– Unitary, pluralist, coercive

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Component of Real System

Man

+
Natural System and/or Artificial System

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Schematic Representation
Environment

Boundary

Man Machine

Input Out-put

Mat

Feed-back : Interaction

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Decision Making Process

Decision Solution

Action Kriteria

Real
System
Model
Problem IE Standard

Data /Information

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Characteristic of Integrated Approach

• Problem : Real
• Approach : Systemic
• Model : Valid
• Solution : Feasible
• Decision : Effective
• Action : Implemented

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Departemen Teknik Industri

What IE Has To Do ?
1. Problem Identification
2. Generate Alternatives
3. Know the Standard Models
4. Decide Performance Criteria
5. Choose the Best Solution
6. Make Decision
7. Anticipate Managerial Implication
8. Action
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Departemen Teknik Industri

Model Building Process

Analyses of System
Modeler •Problem Formulation Real System
•Components Model

Model Formulation

Solution

No
Valid ?

Stop
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Departemen Teknik Industri

Analysis of System
• Formulate the Problem
• Determine Performance Criteria
• Identification of Components Model
– Decision Variable
– Constraints
– Parameter
– Logical Relationship

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Don’t Confuse

Root
Symptom
Causes

Problem Alternatif
Solusi

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Problem
Any unsatisfactory situation
Symptom
• Claims
• Difference: Expectation vs Reality

Root Causes

Problem
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Departemen Teknik Industri

Symptom
• Indicator of the Problem
• Problem Could Exist Although Without
Any Symptom
• Form: Claims, Differences Expectation and
Reality

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Symptom

Difference

Expectation Reality
Objective Achievement

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Root Causes

• Causes of the symptom

• Use systemic approach to identify

Fish Bone Diagram

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Fish Bone Diagram

Material Machine Man

Indicator

Environment Boundary Method

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Performance Criteria
Efficiency

Effective + Min Cost

Objective Vs
Achievement/Actual

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Performance Criteria
A. Types
1. Single Criteria
2. Multi Criteria
B. Level of Management
1. Company level
2. Business level
3. Operational level

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Components Model

• Performave Criteria
• Decision Variable
• Constraints
• Parameter
• Logical Relationship

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Model Formulation

Determine the relationship among

performance criteria, variables,
parameters and constraints

Objective function : V = f ( Xi, Yi, Ai )

Constraints : f ( Xi, Yi, Ai ) < Bi

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Solution

• Solve the Problem

• Reflect Variable Decision
• Input For Making Decision

Feasible Best Optimal

( Simulasi ) ( Heuristic) ( Analytic)
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Departemen Teknik Industri

Validation
• Logical Validation (Verification)
Is the Model Logic and Rational ?
• Historical Validation
Is the Model Fit With the Past Performance ?
• Result Validation
Is the Model Fit With the Future Performance ?

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Decision
Problem

Decision Criteria

Solution + Judgment
Scientific Art
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Departemen Teknik Industri

Action
How Decision Could Be Implemented ?

Anticipate Managerial Implication

And
Prepare Implementation Plan

Action

6. Sytemic & Integrated Approach 29