Table

Group 6
 What is a Table
A table is an arrangement of data in rows and
columns, or possibly in a more complex
structure. Tables are widely used in
communication, research, and data analysis. ...
Further, tables differ significantly in variety,
structure, flexibility, notation, representation
and use.
 What is a Table (Cont.)
● One database almost always contains multiple tables that represent
enity (for instance Customer, Product, Order) and they relate to
each other, for instance Customer buys a product and receive
unique Order Number.
● They are also a useful way of providing evidence to convince others
towards a particular argument.
● Tables are useful for various tasks such as presenting text
information and numerical data.
● The main purpose of tables is to store data in an organized way that
allows to achieve company objectives
Parts of a Table
 Parts of a Table
Title: The title provides a brief description of the contents of the table. It
should be concise and include the key elements shown in the table, for
example, groups, classifications, variables, etc. It should never be more than
two lines. Although, there are varying styles for writing a title, most titles
should be underlined or italicized, and the first letter of each word should
be capitalized following the rules for any title, or the entire title can be in
caps. Periods are left out at the end of the title. If the title is two lines long,
the lines can be either single-spaced or double-spaced depending on the
style you're using. Sometimes referred to as the table legend, a table's title
should always go above the table.
 Parts of a Table
Table number: Tables should be numbered in the
order that they are referred to in your report, as
Table 1, Table 2, and so on. The table number has a
period at the end and a space to separate it from
the title, which normally follows the table number.
 Parts of a Table
Headings & Subheadings: While data form the body of a
table, headings and subheadings allow you to establish an
order to the data by identifying columns. They should be written
in the singular form unless they refer to groups, e.g., men,
women, etc., and the first letter of the first word should be
capitalized. Headings should be key words that best describe
the columns beneath them. They should not be much longer
than the longest entry in their columns. Example:
 Parts of a Table
● Column Headings: Each column has a heading in order to identify
what data are listed below in a vertical arrangement. When the column
heading is above the leftmost column, it is often referred to as the
"stubhead" and the column is the "stub column." This column usually
lists the independent variable. The data that follow the stub column are
known as the "stub." All other column headings are simply referred to
as "column heads." Note that units should be specified in column
headings when applicable.
● Column Spanner: A heading that sits above two or more columns to
indicate a certain classification or grouping of the data in those
columns. A column spanner may also specify units, when appropriate.
 Parts of a Table
Table Body: The actual data in a
table occupying the columns, for
example, percentages, frequencies,
statistical test results, means, "N"
(number of samples), etc.
 Parts of a Table
Table Spanner: A table spanner is located in the
body of the table in order to divide the data in a
table without changing the columns. Spanners go
the entire length of the table and are often used
to combine two tables into one in order to avoid
repetition. A table spanner may be written in the
plural form.
 Parts of a Table

Dividers: Dividers are lines that frame the

top and bottom of the table and, or mark
the different parts of a table. They are
often used for division or emphasis within
the body of a table
 Parts of a Table
Table Notes: You may use table notes to explain
anything in your table that is not self-explanatory. While
basic symbols and abbreviations like SD for standard
deviation, N for sample size, and % for percentage, are
commonly used, you may have other technical terms or
other issues that you wish to explain. In these cases,
you would place an asterisk (*) for the first note you
need after the specific data value.
 Parts of a Table
Then, you would place the asterisk below the table
followed by the note or explanation required for that
value. Other data values requiring notation would get
two, three asterisks, or a stacked cross (‡) in that order.
Notes following these additional items would follow the
first note using the same format. Notes that apply to the
table in general should be listed after the word "Note: "
under the table.
Types of Tables
 Textual Table
Oftentimes, you may need tables that have
textual data in the body. Usually this is the
case when you're dealing with qualitative
data. These tables serve the same function
as any table--to make comparisons of items
easy. These tables are also used when you
want to present examples, which may be
grouped in a certain way, or when you want
to show categories of different items.
 Statistical Table

These tables can present descriptive or

inferential statistics or both. Descriptive
statistics are tabulations such as mean,
standard deviation, mode, range, or
frequency. Inferential statistics refers to
statistical tests. In such tables,
statistical test
 Numerical Table

These are the most common types of

data, which typically represent
quantitative data, but sometimes may
present a combination of quantitative
and qualitative data. As its name
suggests, most of the body of the table
consists of specific number values.
 Advantages
● The biggest benefit of adding a table to a Word
document is providing a visual grouping of
information. While you could simply type rows of data
onto the Word page, the straight lines of a table direct
the reader's eye and show a clear delineation where
paragraphs of text may not.
● Comparative Analysis: Information can be compared
interms of graphical representation.
 Disadvantages
● You can only squeeze in a small number of
columns before the table width causes
horizontal scrolling on smaller screens.
● Making columns narrow to prevent horizontal
scrolling will decrease readability of text in cells,
as a paragraph is stacked into one or two words
per line.
Thank You
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