MALAVIYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY

a
Presentation on
WIRELESS CHANNEL ESTIMATION
SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
DR. R.P. YADAV APARNA MISHRA
(PROFESSOR) 2018PEC5127
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
• WHAT IS THE NEED OF CHANNEL ESTIMATION
• EVOLUTION OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
• CHANNEL ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES FOR
OFDM SYSTEMS
WHAT IS THE NEED OF CHANNEL ESTIMATION?

• Mobile wireless communication is adversely affected

by the multipath interference resulting from
reflections from surroundings, such as hills, buildings
and other obstacles thus results in fading.
 DOPPLER SPREAD

Power delay profile of multipath channel

• In order to provide reliability and high data
rates at the receiver, the system needs an
accurate estimate of the time-varying channel
• To recover the transmitted bits, the channel
effect must be estimated and compensated in
the receiver
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER IN WIRELESS
CHANNEL
EVOLUTION OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
CHANNEL ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES FOR OFDM
SYSTEMS
• each subcarrier can be regarded as an independent
channel, as long as no ICI (Inter-Carrier Interference)
occurs,and thus preserving the orthogonality among
subcarriers.
• The orthogonality allows each subcarrier component
of the received signal to be expressed as the product
of the transmitted signal and channel frequency
response at the subcarrier.
• the transmitted signal can be recovered by
estimating the channel response just at each
subcarrier.
• data signal as well as training signal, or both can be
used for channel estimation.

PILOT BASED CHANNEL ESTIMATION

Pilot Structure
• Depending on the arrangement of pilots, three
different types of pilot structures are considered
block type, comb type, and lattice type
BLOCK TYPE PILOT ARRANGEMENT

OFDM symbols with pilots at all subcarriers (referred to as pilot

symbols herein) are transmitted periodically for channel
estimation
The pilot symbols must be placed as frequently as the coherence
time is.
• the pilot symbol period must satisfy the following
inequality:

• The block-type pilot arrangement is suitable for

frequency-selective channels.
 COMB TYPE PILOT ARRANGEMENT

• In this type, every OFDM symbol has pilot tones at

the periodically-located subcarriers,
• In order to keep track of the frequency-selective
channel characteristics, the pilot symbols must be
placed as frequently as coherent bandwidth.

• It is suitable for fast-fading channels.

 LATTICE TYPE PILOT ARRANGEMENT
• In this type, pilot tones are inserted along both the
time and frequency axes with given periods.
• To keep track of the time-varying and frequency-
selective channel characteristics, the pilot symbol
arrangement must satisfy both Equations.
It can be used for both frequency selective and fast
fading channels.
Training Symbol-Based Channel Estimation

• Training symbols can be used for channel estimation,

usually providing a good performance.
• The least-square (LS) and minimum-mean-square-
error (MMSE) techniques are widely used for
channel estimation when training symbols are
available.

where X(k) denotes a pilot tone at the kth subcarrier

 LS CHANNEL ESTIMATION
• The least-square (LS) channel estimation method
finds the channel estimate ^H in such a way that the
following cost function is minimized:

• we have which gives the solution to the LS

channel estimation as
• The LS channel estimate ^HLS can be written
for each subcarrier as

• The mean-square error (MSE) of this LS

channel estimate is given as
 MMSE CHANNEL ESTIMATION
From LS estimation Using the weight matrix W, define
the MMSE channel estimate follows as
DFT BASED CHANNEL ESTIMATION
• derived to improve the performance of LS or MMSE
channel estimation by eliminating the effect of noise