Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
in the past and present, and identify example evidence that has
contributed to the development of these ideas
Leucippus
Ancient Atomic Theory continued..
Leucippus's atomic theory was further developed by his
disciple, Democritus who concluded that infinite
divisibility of a substance belongs only in the imaginary
world of mathematics.
Democritus suggested the atomic theory, explaining
that all things are "composed of minute, invisible,
indestructible particles of pure matter which move
about eternally in infinite empty.". If a sample of a pure
element was divided into smaller and smaller parts,
Democritus eventually a point would be reached at which no
further cutting would be possible—this was the atom of
that element.
According to the ancient Greeks, atoms were all made of the same basic
material, but atoms of different elements had different sizes and shapes. The
sizes, shapes, and arrangements of a material’s atoms determined the
material’s properties.
ARISTOTLE:
Everything is made of Four ELEMENTS:
The Modern Atomic Theory
For centuries scientists did not have the methods or technology to test
their theories about the basic structure of matter, so people accepted the
ancient Greek view.
Niels Bohr
Bohr developed a theory by which he could predict the
same wavelengths scientists had measured radiating from
atoms with a single electron. He concluded that because
atoms emit light only at discrete wavelengths, electrons
could only orbit at certain designated radii, and light could
be emitted only when an electron jumped from one of
these designated orbits to another.
BOHR’s Model
2+ 8 + 8 electrons
Ar
18p+
18no
3 electron shells
Quantum Theory of the Atom
To make his theory work, Bohr had to propose special rules that violated
the rules of classical physics. He concluded that, on the atomic scale,
certain preferred states of motion were especially stable. In these states of
motion an orbiting electron (contrary to the laws of electromagnetism)
would not radiate energy.
• For an Element,
# of protons (p+) = # of electrons (e-)
So, their charges are NEUTRAL
What about the neutrons?
Neutrons are within the atom’s nucleus and have no
electrical charge !! (Their symbol is: no)
• Again…neutrons and protons give an atom its
mass, so to calculate number of neutrons in
an atom:
Atomic mass
# of protons in
of Subtract element (atomic #)
an atom
References
•encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia
•www.funsci.com/fun3_en/democritus/democritus
•www.aare.edu.au
•www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia