Biochemistry & medicine

introduction

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 1、definition

 Science concerned with

chemical basis of life

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 Science concerned with
the chemical constituents
of living cells and with the
reaction and process that
they undergo

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2 、 The aim of biochemistry
 Describe and explain in
molecular term
 All chemical process of
living cell 4
（1）major objective of
biochemistry
Complete understanding at
the molecular level of all the
chemical processes associated with
living cells
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 isolation
 determine
 analyze

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(2) Further objective

Attempt to understand
how life began

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 An appreciation of the
biochemistry of less complex
form of life is often direct
relevance to human
biochemistry

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3.knowledge of biochemistry is
essential to all life science

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physiology
 immunology
 pharmacology
 pathology

 microbiology
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4、reciprocal relationship
between biochemistry &
medicine has stimulated
mutual advance
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* Biochemistry studies have
illuminated many aspects of
health & disease

* the study of various aspects of

health & disease has opened up
new areas of biochemistry
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 biochemistry

Nucleic
protein lipid Carbohydrates
acid

arteriosclerosis Diabetes
Genetic Sickle cell mellitus
disease anemia

medicine
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5. Normal biochemical
processes are the basis
of health

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 Definition of health
“Complete physical,mental &
social well-being and not merely
the absence of disease and infirmity”
------WHO
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A strictly biochemistry viewpoint about health:

 The situation in which all of the many

thousands of intra & extra cellular
reactions that occur in the body are
proceeding at the rates commensurate
with its maximal survival in the
physiological state
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6. Biochemical research has
impact on nutrition and
preventive medicine

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7. all disease has a
biochemical basis

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(1)physical agent:
mechanical trauma,
extremes of temperature,
sudden changes in atmospheric
pressure,
radiation,
electric shock 19
 (2)chemical agents:

drugs,
certain toxic compounds,
therapeutic drugs
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(3)biologic agents:
Viruses,
Bacteria,
Fungi,
Higher forms of parasites
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 (4) oxygen lack

loss of blood supply,

depletion of the oxygen-carrying capacity

of the blood,
poisoning of the oxidative enzyme
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(5) genetic disorders:

Congenital , molecular

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(6) immunology reaction

Anaphylaxis,
Autoimmune disease

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(7) nutritional imbalances

Deficiencies,excesses

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(8) Endocrine imbalances

hormonal
deficiencies,excesses

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8. Biochemical studies
contribute to
diagnosis, prognosis
& treatment
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 Disease causes
scurvy deficiencies of vitamin
rickets C,D respectively

Arteriosclerosis genetic,dietary
environment factors
Phenylketonuria mainly mutation in
the gene coding
phenylalanine hydroxylase
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 Disease causes
Cystic fibrosis mutation in the gene
coding the CFTR
protein
Cholera exotoxin of
vibrio cholera

Diabetes type I genetic and

environment factors resulting in
deficiency of insulin
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9.many biochemical studies
illuminate disease
mechanisms & disease
inspire biochemical
research 30
 Use
(1) to reveal the fundamental
causes &mechanisms
of diseases
(2) to suggest rational
treatment of diseases
(3) to assist in the diagnosis
of specific disease
example
demonstration
of the genetic
defects in CF
use of a diet low in
phenylalanine
for the treatment of s
phenylketonuria
use of the plasma
enzyme CK-MB in
the diagnosis of
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myocardial infarction
 Use example

(4) To act as screening use of measurement of

tests for the early blood tyrosine or

diagnosis of certain diseases TSH in the
neonatal diagnosis
of congenital
hypothyroidism

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 Use
(5) To assist in monitoring
the progress of certain
disease
(6) To assist in assessing the
response of diseases to therapy blood CEA in certain
example
use of the plasma enzyme
ALT in monitoring the
progress of infectious
hepatitis
use of measurement of
patients who have
been treated for cancer
of the colon
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