Servlet

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 Objectives
• Session Management

• Cookie
• HttpSession
• HttpRequest Headers

• HttpResponse Headers

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 Session Management
• HTTP is ‘Stateless’ protocal.

• The client browser makes a connection to the server, sends the request, gets the request
and closes the connection.

• The connection exists for only a single request/response.

• Because the connection don’t’ persists, the container doesn’t recognize that the client
making second request is same client from the previous request.

• The container considers each and every request made is from a new client.

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 Session Management

 We need session management in applications like online shopping where server needs
to remember the client details during transactions.

 User session can be managed by the following techniques.
• Hidden Fields

• URL rewriting
• Cookie

• HttpSession

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•
Cookies
Cookie is a small piece of data exchanged in between server and browser.

• The server sends the cookie to the client, and the client returns the cookie when the
client makes another request.

• Cookies are stored on client side.

• By default, cookies lives on client browser as long as session.

• Once the client browser closes, cookies disappear.
• But we can specify how long a cookie is alive even after the browser shutdowns.
• Using a single cookie we can store only 4kb of information .

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 Cookie Class
• Cookie( String , String ) // constructor

• int getMaxAge()
• String getName()
• String getValue()

• void setMaxAge(int )
• boolean getSecure()

• void setSecure(boolean)
• void setDomain(String)
• String getDomain()

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 Sample Servlet Programs which sets cookies
 ServletA.java

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 Sample Servlet program to retrieve cookies
 ServletB.java

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 Run ServletA
 Run the ServletA by pressing Shift+F6

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 Output of ServletA

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 Output of ServletB

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 Session Tracking
• Server uses session tracking mechanism to remember a client.

• HttpSession is useful in session tracking.

• Session tracking internally uses cookie concept .
• Using cookie we can store limited client data on client browser.
• Cookies are stored on client side.

• Container creates HttpSession object and saves on server side.

• User session data can be saved on server side using session object( as attributes ).
• Server creates a session object for each user and generates unique token to identify
session object on server side.

• After generating unique token , server sends token back to the client as a cookie with
 ‘set-cookie’ response header.
• Client browser sends token with ‘cookie’ request header to the server when making
other request.
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 HttpSession Interface
• Object getAttribute(“attribute name”)

• long getCreationTime()
• String getId()
• int getLastAccessedTime()
• int getMaxInactiveInterval()

• ServletContext getServletContext()
• void invalidate()
• boolean isNew()

• void removeAttribute(“attribute name”)

• void setAttribute(“attribute name”, Object)
• void setMaxInactiveInterval(int)
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 Sample Servlet for creating HttpSession and
 ServletX.java setting attributes

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 Sample Servlet for retrieving user data from
 ServletY.java session

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 Run ServletX
 Run the ServletX by pressing Shift+F6.

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 Output of ServletX

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 Output of ServletY

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 HTTP GET Request
 GET/SampleWebApplication/ServletA?username=msat&password=techm HTTP/1.1

 Host:www.localhost.com
 User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 Netscape/7.1
 Accept:text/xml,application/xml,text/html

 Accept-Language:en-us;
 Accept-Encoding:gzip,deflate;

 Accept-Charset:ISO-8859,utf-8
 Keep-Alive:300
 Connection:keep-alive

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
HTTP POST Request
POST/SampleWebApplication/ServletA HTTP/1.1

 Host:www.localhost.com

 User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 Netscape/7.1
 Accept:text/xml,application/xml,text/html
 Accept-Language:en-us;

 Accept-Encoding:gzip,deflate;
 Accept-Charset:ISO-8859,utf-8
 Keep-Alive:300
 Connection:keep-alive

 username=msat&password=techm
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 HTTP Response
 HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 Set-Cookie:JSESSIONID=OAAB6324332SDFSASDS;
 Content-Type:text/html
 Content-Length:399
 Date:Mon, 15 NOV 2010 08:08:40 GMT
 Server:Apache;
 Connection:close

 <html>
 <body>
 ServletA
 </body>
 </html>

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 doXXX() methods
• doGet( )

• doPost( )
• doDelete( )
• doPut( )

• doTrace( )
• doOptions( )

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Version History
Version History
Version Created/
Date Changes made Reviewed by
No Changed by

1 11-May-15 Ushakiran Chivaluri Conversion to 2015 template Prakash Goteti

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