Introduction to C++

Learners Support Publications www.lsp4you.com

 Objectives of this session

 What is C++
 A Simple Program
 Comments in C++
 Output Operator
 Input Operator
 Cascading of I/O Operator
 Structure of a C++ Program

Learners Support Publications www.lsp4you.com

 C++
 C++ is an object-oriented programming
language.
 Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at AT&T Bell
Laboratories, USA in the early 1980’s.
 Simule 67 + C language  C++
 1997 November ANSI/ISO standards
committee standardised C++.
 For developing editors, compilers, databases,
communication systems, etc.
Learners Support Publications www.lsp4you.com
 A Simple Program
 C++ works by giving (separate) instructions to the
computer.
 These instructions can be written as functions.
 The primary function used in C++ is called main. This
means that every C++ program should have the
main() function. Because a function is an assignment,
in order to perform its job, a function has a body. The
body of a function starts with an opening curly bracket
"{" and closes with a closing curly bracket "}".

Learners Support Publications www.lsp4you.com

 A Simple Program continue…

// my first program in C++ Hello World!

#include <iostream.h>
int main ( )
{
cout << "Hello World!";
return 0;
}

Learners Support Publications www.lsp4you.com

 Comments in C++
 The most basic documentation you have to perform is
to put comments as much as you can. Comments help
you and other people who read your code to figure out
what you were doing.
 Comments are not read by the compiler while
executing your program.
 C++ supports two ways to insert comments:
o // line comment
o /* block comment */

Learners Support Publications www.lsp4you.com

 Comments in C++ continue…

// The hello.cpp program

// Include the iostream library
#include <iostream.h>
int main( )
{
/* Here is a simple sentence that I want to display when the
program starts. It doesn't do much. I am planning to do more stuff
in the future. */
cout << "Hi, this is my program!";
return 0;
}
// The end of my program

Learners Support Publications www.lsp4you.com

 Output Operator
cout << "Hi, this is my program!";
cout is a predefined object that represents the standard
output stream in C++, here the standard output stream is
screen.
scree
n

cout << C++ variable

Object Insertion Operator

Learners Support Publications www.lsp4you.com
 Output Operator
scree
n
continue…

cout << C++ variable

Object Insertion Operator

 The operator << is called insertion or put to operator.

 It inserts ( or sends ) the contents of the variable on its right to
the object on its left.

cout << "Hi, this is my program!";

cout << number ;
Learners Support Publications www.lsp4you.com
 Input Operator
cin >> number1;
cin is a predefined object that corresponds to the standard
input stream in C++, here the standard input stream is
keyboard.
Object Extraction Operator C++ variable

cin >> 50.55

Keyboard

Learners Support Publications www.lsp4you.com

 Input Operator continue…
Object Extraction Operator C++ variable

cin >> 50.55

Keyboard

 The operator >> is known as extraction or get from

operator.
 It extracts ( or takes ) the value from the keyboard and
assigns it to the variable on its right.
Learners Support Publications www.lsp4you.com
 Cascading of I/O Operators
 Multiple use of << or >> in one statement is called
cascading.
eg:-
cout << “Sum = ” << sum << “\n”;

cin >> number1 >> number2;

Learners Support Publications www.lsp4you.com

 Structure of a C++ Program
Include files

Class declaration

Member functions declaration

Main function program

Better to organize a program file into three separate files.

o Class declarations in a header file.
o Definition of member function in a separate file.
o The main program that uses the class is placed in a third
file which includes the previous two files.
Learners Support Publications www.lsp4you.com