Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Outline
V
refA 2
sin(
f
tt
)
V
echoB
sin[
2 (t
f f)
d
4f
tR/c
]
V C
diff
sin(
2ft
d
4f
tR/c
)
Finding Doppler Frequency Shift
f
d1/ f
can
d be
found
quickly
f
d1
/many
pulses
need
be
to
sent
find
f
d to
Determining Moving Objects From A-scope
V
1ksin(
2f
d
t )
0
V
2 k
sin[
2f
dt
(T
) ]
0
VV
1V
22ksin(
fT
d)
cos[
2
f(
dtT/
2)]
0
Signal delay T=1/PRF
Output of canceller is a cosine wave at the Doppler
frequency
Amplitude of output is a function of the Doppler frequency
and T
Frequency Response of Single Delay Line Canceller
Frequency Response of Single Delay Line Canceller
fT
0
d
,
n
(n
)
f
dn
/T
nf
p
∞
R = f f∗ − = ∫ f t f ∗ t− dt
−∞
Doppler Spectrum
∞
Pr = ∫ N V p V dV
−∞
N V p V dV
∞
∫ N V p V dV
−∞
Mean Doppler Velocity and Doppler Spectrum Variance
∞ ∞
∫ VS V dV ∫ V − V 2 S V dV
−∞ 2 −∞
V= ∞ v= ∞
∫ S V dV ∫ S V dV
−∞ −∞
Radar Noise
Thermal Noise
Thermal excitation of electrons in electrical components
Always exists in any electrical system
Totally random, but has a normal distribution
Coherent Averaging or Stacking
Quantization Noise
Quantization noise due to rounding errors
Dithering
Coherent Noise
Coherent radar systems use a master oscillator to derive
frequencies and timing signals
Leakage from these signals into the receiver causes noise
0/π Phase Modulation