Basic First Aid for

Medical Emergencies
 Session Objectives
Recognize the benefits of obtaining
first-aid and CPR certification
Identify proper procedures for a variety
of medical emergencies
Assist in administering first aid when a
co-worker is injured
Do no further harm

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 Prequiz:
True or False?
After an accident, immediately move the
victim to a comfortable position.
If a person is bleeding, use a tourniquet.
Signs of a heart attack include shortness
of breath, anxiety, and perspiration.
All burns can be treated with first aid
alone; no emergency medical attention
is necessary.

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 Help! Emergency!

Minutes could
make a difference

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 Four Basic Rules

1.2.Call
Bring
forhelp
helptoimmediately
the victim
4.3.Do no further
Check harm
the ABCs

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 Assess the Scene

Evaluate the scene

Assess safety
Prioritize care
Check for medical alert tags
Do head-to-toe check
Move only if necessary

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 No Breathing
Administer CPR:
• Lay the person on his or her back
• Give chest compressions
• Tilt head slightly
• Breathe into the person’s mouth
• Continue until EMS personnel arrive

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 Bleeding
• Stop the flow of blood
• Wear gloves
• Cover the wound
• Apply pressure
• If a body part has
been amputated,
put it on ice

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 Shock
• Lay the victim down
• Cover
• Raise feet

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 Anaphylactic Shock
• Give the victim medication
• Call for help ASAP
• Start CPR if necessary

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 Heart Attack
• Call 911
• Make victim comfortable
• Loosen tight clothing
• Check for medication
• Keep victim still
• Don’t give stimulants

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 Choking
• Ask a person to speak
or cough
• Deliver 5 back blows
• Perform abdominal
thrusts
• Repeat sequence of back
blows and abdominal
thrusts

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 If Abdominal
Thrusts Don’t Work
• Call 911
• Finger sweep
• Abdominal thrusts
• Check ABCs
• Perform CPR if
not breathing

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 Electrical Shock
Don’t touch!
Turn power off
Call 911
Remove person
from live wire
Check for breathing

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 Match the problem with the correct first-aid procedure.

Bleeding CPR
Choking
Elevate feet
No breathing
Keep victim still
Heart attack
Shock Direct pressure
Sweeten deal
Abdominal thrusts

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 Review
Do
Doyou youunderstand first-aidfirst-aid
understand procedures
for:
procedures for:
• No breathing?
•• No breathing?
Bleeding?
•• Shock?
Bleeding?
• Heart attack?
•• Shock?
Choking?
•• Heart
Electricalattack?
shock?
• Choking?
• Electrical shock?

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 Eye Injuries
• Splashes
• Particles in eye
• Blow to eye
• Cuts near eye
• Penetrating objects

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 Burns
• First-degree burns—Reddened, painful skin
• Second-degree burns—Blistering
• Third-degree burns—Charring, deep tissue damage

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 Exposure to
Hazardous Materials
•• Eyes
Eyes
• Skin
•• Skin
Inhalation
•• Inhalation
Ingestion
• Ingestion

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 Broken Bones
• Look
• Ask
• Treat for shock

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 Heat Exhaustion
• Move to cool place
• Lay victim down
• Elevate feet
• Loosen clothing
• Give fluids
• Apply cool compresses

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 Heatstroke

• Immediately call 911

• Cool the person down
• Monitor

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 Fainting
• Check for breathing
• Administer CPR if
necessary
• Call 911 if more than
a few minutes
• If conscious, lay the
victim down with feet
elevated

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 Epileptic Seizures
• Remove victim from
hazards
• Check for breathing
• Nothing in the mouth
• Keep comfortable
• Call 911 if medical
assistance is needed

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 Multiple choice
Which is the worst
kind of burn?
For a particle in
the eye:
For inhalation of
vapors or gases:
For heatstroke:
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a. First degree
b. Third degree
a. Flush with water
b. Rub eye
a. Induce vomiting
b. Move to fresh air
a. Call 911
b. Don’t call 911
 Review
Do
Doyou you understand
understandfirst-aidfirst-aid
procedures for:
procedures for:
• Eye injuries?
•• EyeBurns?injuries?
•• Exposure
Burns? to hazardous
materials?
•• Exposure
Broken bones? to hazardous
• materials?
Heat exhaustion and
• heatstroke?
Broken bones?
• Fainting?
•• Heat exhaustion and
Epileptic seizures?
heatstroke?
• Fainting?
• Epileptic seizures?
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 Key Points to Remember
Medical emergencies can happen anytime.
Act quickly, calmly, and correctly.
Consider being certified in first aid
and CPR.

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 Learning objectives

You will learn:

a. to assess an unconscious person
b. how to perform CPR on an adult
c. how to perform CPR on a child
d. how to perform CPR on a baby
e. how to treat a big bleed
f. how to recognise and treat clinical shock.
 Introduction

The lungs carry oxygen into the blood when you breathe. The heart
pumps the blood to every part of the body. Every part of the body
needs oxygen. Without it, the body dies.

If someone’s breathing
stops….

…or if someone’s heart

stops beating…

…no oxygen gets through.

That person is in big trouble. Could you save them?

a. to assess an unconscious person

Jasmine’s story
“Me and my mates were in the
park when this jogger collapsed.
He was running along one
moment and the next he was
lying on the ground…”

> check for danger

What was the
> try to get a response
right thing to do?
> open the airway
Click here to see.
> check for breathing
 a. to assess an unconscious person
Jasmine’s story
“It was a scary situation. But I just
concentrated on doing the right
thing and that kept me calm…”
“It seemed safe enough and I was
with my mates. I tried shaking the
man’s shoulders and spoke to him,
but got no reaction so I knew he was
unconscious, so we shouted for help.
I tilted his head back and lifted his
chin to open the airway so I could
check to see if he was breathing…”
 b. how to perform CPR on an adult

If someone is not breathing, you have to act fast! And stay calm…

He’s not breathing!

Stay calm…

Call 999 for an ambulance. Then, it’s time for CPR….

 b. how to perform CPR on an adult

Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation – CPR for short.

It sounds complicated - but it’s not that tricky.

You press on someone’s chest and breathe into someone’s mouth
to keep them alive.
The chest compressions do the job of the heart – pushing blood
around the body, the breathing gets oxygen into their lungs.
 b. how to perform CPR on an adult

CPR – How do I do it?

Call 999 before

you start!

This video clip

shows you more!

30 chest compressions 2 rescue breaths

 c. how to perform CPR on a child

If a child is unconscious you have to be more gentle.

Tap shoulders gently to try to get a response.

This video shows you more!

d. how to perform CPR on a baby

If a baby stops breathing, you have

to be a lot more gentle.

This video clip shows you what to do.

 e. how to treat a big bleed

If someone is losing a lot of blood, you need to act.

Blood carries oxygen to every body part – without it the body dies.

Adults each have about 6 ? litres of blood. If an adult loses more

?? litres, his or her life is in danger.
than 1.5
Children have much less blood, so it’s even more important to
act quickly.
e. how to treat a big bleed

“I dropped a glass and cut my arm

really badly clearing it up. There
was so much blood! It was all over
the kitchen floor. I started to panic,
but my girlfriend was there and she
knew what to do…”
 e. how to treat a big bleed

When you can see a lot of blood, you have to act fast…

Click on the button to see what to do.

How do you treat a big bleed?

To answer this question…

> Watch the video clip.

 e. how to treat a big bleed

How do you treat a big bleed?

1. Press on the wound

2. Raise the wound above heart level
3. Bandage the wound
4. Call 999 for an ambulance.
 e. how to treat a big bleed

Do you know how to treat a deep wound to the arm? Put the pictures
in the right order…

The right order is: H D B G E A C F

Click for answers
 f. how to recognise and treat clinical shock

If you lose too much blood, you go

into shock. This is not the kind of
shock you get at a sudden surprise.
This is clinical shock, where your
body starts to shut down…
Vital organs like the heart, lungs and
brain cannot get enough oxygen from
the blood that is left. They start to
pack up.
You have to act fast. Left
untreated, shock can kill.
 f. how to recognise and treat clinical shock

pale, cold
clammy skin
feels like fast, shallow
throwing up breathing

how to spot
thirst shock restlessness

blueness
feels weak around lips or
and dizzy ear lobes
 f. how to recognise and treat clinical shock

Internal bleeding can also lead to shock. Both problems are caused
by a lack of blood flowing to the vital organs. So you deal with both
problems in the same way…
 f. how to recognise and treat clinical shock

I’ll keep talking to

her and checking > Treat any big bleeds.
her breathing until > Help casualty to lie down.
the ambulance comes.
> Raise casualty’s legs above heart
level, so the blood runs to the vital
organs where it is most needed.
> Loosen casualty’s clothing.
> Call 999 for an ambulance.
> Keep casualty warm – lie them on a
blanket or coat and cover them with
another one.
> Do not let casualty eat, drink or
smoke.
Activity
notes
 Plenary

The main points again…

> check for danger

> try to get a response

> open the airway

> check for breathing

> give chest compressions.

Remember it all like this….

 Plenary

Big bleed
> Press on the wound.
> Raise it above heart level.
> Bandage the wound.

Shock
> Lie casualty down.
> Raise casualty’s feet above heart level. Call 999 as soon
as you can
> Keep casualty warm.
 Find out more

You’ve now completed this lesson about first aid basics.

Test your knowledge in our interactive quiz or find out more with
one of these activities…

Interactive Read a CPR “Lee

quiz flowchart. stumbled
Draw a set towards me,
of pictures blood trickling
for it. down his
arm…”
Finish the
story.
> Work in threes to act out an emergency situation.
> In your groups of three decide who will be:
– the casualty of an accident who has a deep cut to the left arm.
– the role of first-aider.
– the operator at ambulance control.

> What questions would the operator ask the first-aider?

e.g. “Can you see anything inside the wound?”.
> What advice would the operator give?
e.g. “Press on the wound and raise the arm above heart level.”
> When the wound has been treated, the casualty goes into shock.
> What would the first-aider see and describe? What would the operator
advise them to do?

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