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Hooke’s Law
In the 1600s, a scientist called
Robert Hooke discovered a law
for elastic materials.
• A plastic (or inelastic) material is one that stays deformed after you
have taken the force away. If deformation remains (irreversible
deformation) after the forces are removed then it is a sign of plastic
behaviour.
• If you apply too big a force a material will lose its elasticity.
Fs = kx
x=0
x=0
x x
Fs
Fs
stretch
More F more ____________ compression
or __________________.
Hooke's Law is often written: Fs = -kx
-x
compressed > 0
Fs ___
spring:
Fs
x=0
equilibrium
______________
undisturbed
position, Fs = __ 0
spring
+x
stretched
spring: < 0
Fs ___
Fs
Ex. A weight of 8.7 N is attached to a spring that
has a spring constant of 190 N/m. How much
will the spring stretch?
Given:
Fs = 8.7 N
k= 190 N/m
x
Unknown:
8.7
x =? N
Equation:
Fs = kx
8.7 N = (190 N/m) x
x = 4.6 x 10-2 m
Fs = kx Fs
direct
Ex: A force of 5.0 N
causes t0.015 m.
How far will it stretch 10
if the force is 10 N?
he spring to
stretch 5
2 (0.015 m)
= 0.030 m
.015 ? x
spring
A
Applying the same
force F to both springs
x
xB xA
greater
stiffer spring _________ slope _________
larger
k
Elastic
____________ PE - the energy stored in a spring when work
is done on it to stretch or compress it
PEs = (½)kx2