Chapter 6

Inter-VLAN Routing

CCNA3-1 Chapter 6
 Note for Instructors

• These presentations are the result of a collaboration among

the instructors at St. Clair College in Windsor, Ontario.
• Thanks must go out to Rick Graziani of Cabrillo College. His
material and additional information was used as a reference
in their creation.
• If anyone finds any errors or omissions, please let me know
at:
• tdame@stclaircollege.ca.

CCNA3-2 Chapter 6
 Inter-VLAN Routing

Introducing Inter-VLAN Routing

CCNA3-3 Chapter 6
 Introducing Inter-VLAN Routing

• What is Inter-VLAN Routing?

• Each VLAN is a unique broadcast domain.
• Computers on separate VLANs are, by default, not
able to communicate.
• Each VLAN is a unique IP subnetwork.

• To allow VLANs to communicate, we need a router to

communicate among separate broadcast domains and
unique IP subnetworks.

• Inter-VLAN routing, then, is a process of forwarding traffic

from one VLAN to another VLAN using a router.

CCNA3-4 Chapter 6
 Introducing Inter-VLAN Routing

• Methods:
• Traditional Inter-VLAN Routing.
• Router-on-a-stick Inter-VLAN Routing.
• Switch Based Inter-VLAN Routing.

CCNA3-5 Chapter 6
 Introducing Inter-VLAN Routing

• Traditional Inter-VLAN Routing: Internally Routed to

• One router interface per VLAN. the proper subnet.

VLAN
Tag
removed
Tagged

CCNA3-6 Chapter 6
 Introducing Inter-VLAN Routing

• Router-on-a-stick Inter-VLAN Routing: Internally Routed to

• One router interface for all VLANs. the proper subnet.

VLAN
Tag
removed
Tagged

CCNA3-7 Chapter 6
 Introducing Inter-VLAN Routing

• Layer 3 Switch Inter-VLAN Routing:

• Uses Switch Virtual Interfaces (SVI) to retag
the frame.

TagVLAN
removed
Tagged
(10)

CCNA3-8 Chapter 6
 Interfaces and Subinterfaces

• Traditional Inter-VLAN Routing:

• Traditional routing requires routers to have multiple
physical interfaces to facilitate inter-VLAN routing.
• Each interface is also configured with an IP address for
the subnet associated with the particular VLAN that it is
connected to.
• In this configuration, network devices can use the router
as a gateway to access the devices connected to the
other VLANs.

CCNA3-9 Chapter 6
 Interfaces and Subinterfaces
Router tags
Router
Traditional Inter-VLAN Routing the frame
Responds
for VLAN 30
Routing table: And switches it
172.17.10.0 – F0/0 to Port F0/1.
172.17.30.0 – F0/1

Tagged
Tag
Removed
VLAN 10

CCNA3-10 Chapter 6
 Interfaces and Subinterfaces
Traditional Inter-VLAN Routing

CCNA3-11 Chapter 6
 Interfaces and Subinterfaces

• Traditional Inter-VLAN Routing:

• Traditional inter-VLAN
routing using physical
interfaces does have a
limitation.
• As the number of VLANs
increases on a network, the
physical approach of having one router interface per
VLAN quickly becomes hindered by the physical
hardware limitations of a router.
• Routers have a limited number of physical interfaces that
they can use to connect to different VLANs.
• It is very expensive to add an Ethernet Interface.
CCNA3-12 Chapter 6
 Interfaces and Subinterfaces

• Router-on-a-stick Inter-VLAN Routing:

• Subinterfaces:
• Overcomes the hardware limitation of a router.
• Subinterfaces are software-based virtual interfaces
that are assigned to physical interfaces.
• Each subinterface is configured with its own IP
address, subnet mask, and unique VLAN assignment.
• Connected to a switch trunk link.
• Functionally the same as using the traditional routing
model.

CCNA3-13 Chapter 6
 Interfaces and Subinterfaces
Router-on-a-stick Inter-VLAN Routing

Routing table:
172.17.10.0 – F0/0.10
172.17.30.0 – F0/0.30

Tagged
VLAN 30

Tagged
Tag
Tag
Removed
Removed
VLAN 3010

CCNA3-14 Chapter 6
 Interfaces and Subinterfaces

• Router-on-a-stick Inter-VLAN Routing:

• Configuring Subinterfaces:
• Similar to configuring physical interfaces.
• Create the subinterface.
• Assign it to a VLAN.
• Assign an IP Address.
• Enable the interface.

CCNA3-15 Chapter 6
 Interfaces and Subinterfaces

• Router-on-a-stick Inter-VLAN Routing:

• Create the subinterface:
• The syntax for the subinterface is always the physical
interface, followed by a period and a subinterface
number.
• The subinterface number is configurable, but it is
typically associated to reflect the VLAN number.

R1(config)#interface [interface].nn

NOTE: The management VLAN must also be

configured if you wish to use it on multiple switches
that are not directly connected by trunk links.
CCNA3-16 Chapter 6
 Interfaces and Subinterfaces

• Router-on-a-stick Inter-VLAN Routing:

• Assign it to a VLAN:
• Before assigning an IP Address, the interface must to
be configured to operate on a specific VLAN using the
proper encapsulation.

R1(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q vlan-id

CCNA3-17 Chapter 6
 Interfaces and Subinterfaces

• Router-on-a-stick Inter-VLAN Routing:

• Assign an IP Address:
• The IP Address assigned here will become the default
gateway for that VLAN.

R1(config-subif)#ip address [address] [mask]

CCNA3-18 Chapter 6
 Interfaces and Subinterfaces

• Router-on-a-stick Inter-VLAN Routing:

• Enable the interface:
• Subinterfaces are not enabled individually.
• When the physical interface is enabled, all associated
subinterfaces are enabled.

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

CCNA3-19 Chapter 6
 Interfaces and Subinterfaces

• Router-on-a-stick Inter-VLAN Routing:

• Configuring Subinterfaces:

VLAN 10

VLAN 30

Enable Interfaces

CCNA3-20 Chapter 6
 Interfaces and Subinterfaces

• Router-on-a-stick Inter-VLAN Routing:

• Configuring Subinterfaces:

Planning!

CCNA3-21 Chapter 6
 Interfaces and Subinterfaces

• Router Interface and Subinterface Comparison:

CCNA3-22 Chapter 6
 Inter-VLAN Routing

Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing

(Putting It All Together)

CCNA3-23 Chapter 6
 Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing

• Traditional Inter-VLAN Routing:

CCNA3-24 Chapter 6
 Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing

• Traditional Inter-VLAN Routing:

CCNA3-25 Chapter 6
 Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing

• Traditional Inter-VLAN Routing:

CCNA3-26 Chapter 6
 Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing

• Router-on-a-stick Inter-VLAN Routing:

VLANs

Trunk in
Trunk
Native VLAN

Interfaces
VLANs

CCNA3-27 Chapter 6
 Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing

• Router-on-a-stick Inter-VLAN Routing:

VLAN 10

VLAN 30

Enable All
Subinterfaces

CCNA3-28 Chapter 6
 Inter-VLAN Routing

Troubleshooting Inter-VLAN Routing

CCNA3-29 Chapter 6
 Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing
VLAN 30 is working but VLAN 10
• Switch Configuration
cannot communicate with the
Issues:
router or VLAN 30.

Interface F0/4 is still in

the default VLAN.

switchport access vlan 10

CCNA3-30 Chapter 6
 Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing
Each of the configured
• Switch Configuration Issues:
subinterfaces is unable to
send or receive VLAN traffic.

Interface F0/5 is still in

the default VLAN.

switchport mode trunk

CCNA3-31 Chapter 6
 Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing
PC1 cannot communicate with the
• Router Configuration
routerIssues:
interface and the router
cannot route to VLAN 30.
Switch port F0/4 is
for VLAN 10.

Switch port F0/9 is

Move the cable from F0/9 to F0/4.
assigned to the
default VLAN.

One of the most common

mistakes in Inter-VLAN routing.

CCNA3-32 Chapter 6
 Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing
PC1 cannot communicate with the
routerIssues:
• Router Configuration interface and the router
cannot route to VLAN 30.

CCNA3-33 Chapter 6
 Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing

• IP Addressing Issues:
PC1 cannot communicate.

Incorrect IP address for

subnet 172.16.10.0/24.

Incorrect
Incorrect IP
subnet
address
mask
forfor
subnet
subnet172.16.10.0/24.
172.16.10.0/24.

CCNA3-34 Chapter 6