Energy Crisis & Requirement of

Efficient Heat Transfer

Equipment

A THESIS SUBMITTED IN
PARTIAL FULFILLMENT
OF THE AWARD OF
DEGREE OF
“BACHELOR OF
TECHNOLOGY”
IN
 Acknowledgment

 We, hereby take the opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to our project
guide, Mr. Ashes Rakshit, Assistant professor, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Regent Education And Research Foundation Group Of Institution,
Barrackpore, for his valuable advise resourceful guidance, active supervision and
constant encouragement without which it would not have been possible for us to
submit the project in such a shape in time.
 We would also like to express our gratitude to our HOD Mr. Krishnendu Mondal
& our respective teachers Mr. Ashes Rakshit, Mr. Debabrata Pramanik for this
department for their active supervision, invaluable suggestion, encouragement and
technical helps. Regent Education and Research Foundation, Barrackpore for
providing me research facilities and opportunities.
 Finally, we want to express our deep since of regard to our parents and our family
members for their constant inspiration during the course of this work. We are
extremely fortunate to be involved in such an exciting and challenging research
project. This project has increased my thinking and understanding capability.
 With Respect

 Premchand Kumar Mahto (26300715020)

 Ayaz Esrar (26300715002)
 Md. Haneef (26300715012)
 Md. Ather Hussain (26300715011)
 Md. Saif Ali (26300715013)
 Ramesh Singh (26300715021)
 Deepak Kumar Singh (26300715006)
 Ravi Kumar (26300715023)
 Arnab Datta (26300716024)
 Bitan Roy (26300716017)
 Introduction

We know that the energies neither can be created nor destroyed. It

only changes one form to another form. An energy crisis is any
significant bottleneck in the supply of energy resources to
an economy. In literature, it often refers to one of the energy
sources used at a certain time and place, in particular those that
supply national electricity grids or those used as fuel in
vehicles.
 Device used for efficient Heat Transfer

 Improving efficiencies of devices like condensers,

economizers, air-preheaters, super heaters etc.
 Are become more and more important due to
depletion of natural resources like fossil fuels and
acute energy crisis.
 There are many way of improving the performance
of heat transfer devices which includes utilization of
extended surface (fins), insertion of twisted tape,
internal rib to heat transfer pipes etc.
HEAT EXCHANGERS
 Working principle of Heat Exchanger

 A heat exchanger is a device used to transfer

heat between two or more fluids. Heat
exchangers are used in both cooling and
heating processes. The fluids may be
separated by a solid wall to prevent mixing
or they may be in direct contact.
 Types of Heat Exchanger
1. Shell and tube heat exchanger
2. Plate heat exchangers
3. Plate and shell heat exchanger
4. Adiabatic wheel heat exchanger
5. Plate fin heat exchanger
6. Pillow plate heat exchanger
7. Fluid heat exchangers
8. Waste heat recovery units
9. Dynamic scraped surface heat exchanger
10. Phase-change heat exchangers
 Uses of Heat Exchanger

 Refrigerators.
 Air-conditioners.
 Power plants.
 Engines.
 Petrochemical plants.
 Petroleum refineries.
 Sewage treatment.
TWISTED TAPES
 About Twisted Tapes

 Twisted tape is historically well-known heat

transfer enhancement product, as such a
variety of heat transfer and pressure drop
correlations are available in the public
domain.
 Twisted tapes are an additional type of
turbulator .
 Types of Twisted Tapes

Classic twisted tape.

Perforated twisted tape.
Notched twisted tape.
Jagged twisted tape.
Butterfly insert twisted tape.
 Use of Twisted Tapes

 Twisted tapes are used to increase the heat

transfer rate by swirl flow.
Use of twisted tape leads to increase in heat
transfer coefficient but at the cost of
increase in pressure drop.
It is used in tube to break the laminar
boundary layer.
 Literature Survey on Twisted Tape

 Described the performed the experimental and

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
investigation on friction factor, Nusselt-Number
and thermal hydraulic performance of tube
equipped with typical and three modified twisted
tape (perforated, notched and gagged twisted
tape). Among the modified twisted tape the
gagged twisted tape offered the greatest Nusselt
Number, friction factor and thermal performance
factor.
 Literature Survey on “Fins”

 In the study of heat transfer, fins are surfaces that extend from
an object to increase the rate of heat transfer to or from the
environment by increasing convection.

Uses of Fins
 Fins are most commonly used in heat exchanging devices such
as radiators in cars, computer CPU heatsinks, and heat
exchangers in power plants. They are also used in newer
technology such as hydrogen fuel cells. Nature has also taken
advantage of the phenomena of fins.
 Literature Survey on “Internal Rib”

 K.P. Yu, T.N.Chen, X.P. Wang and A.A. Zhouet investigated, a

new photonic crystal composed of periodic slotted tubes with
internal rib structure in air. Used a finite element method based
on the Bloch theorem also studied Two parallel plates with slit
are introduced into the inclusion as the internal rib structure
and its effect on band gaps. The band structure and acoustic
modes of the PC are calculated. Results show that the starting
frequency of the first band gap is rather lower than that of
slotted tubes without rib structure. The internal rib structure
plays an important role in both the lower and upper edges of
the first band gap.
 Conclusion

 The review has considered study on heat transfer and pressure drop
investigation of the various type of twisted tape of placed in heat
exchangers. By insertion of twisted tape there is variation of Nusselt
numbers with Reynolds number in the tube. The values of Nusselt
number, Reynolds number, Promdutl number, pressure drop, friction
factor depends on the geometrics of the twisted tape with different
twist ratio, tape width, space ratio, phase angle, wire diameter etc.
 For turbulent flow in the pipe friction factor decreases with
increasing Reynolds numbers (Re) where heat transfer rate increases
with Reynolds number.
 In case of silicon micro-pin-fin heat sins have the better overall
thermal-hydraulic and heat transfer enhancement performance
compared to the conventional micro channel. The infrared thermo
image shown the more uniform temperature profile in the transverse
direction.
 References

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