Data Analysis

TRW
Lecture-12
 Data obtained from interviews and
Working with questionnaires can have both quantitative
and qualitative data
New data:
Data Quantitative and qualitative data can be
organization segregated at the beginning
(Obtained The obtained responses can be arranged
from Primary categorically
Data Sources) Demographic information should be
segregated
 Quantitative data are represented in numbers
Information related to Age, Gender, and other
Analysing demographic data can be represented through
Quantitative percentages (%), pie charts or other relevant
diagrams
Data
Other information can be grouped together as
per similarities and average / Mean should be
calculated
Presenting Quantitative findings can be represented
Findings through pie-charts, diagrams, tables etc.
(Quantitative
Data)
 Sales

4th Qtr
Example 1: The 3rd Qtr
9%

pattern of sale 10%

1st Qtr
2nd Qtr
of Z –app over 2nd Qtr 1st Qtr 3rd Qtr

the year 23% 58% 4th Qtr

 Performance Chart of A, B, C, and D

4.5
Example 2: A, 4.3
4.4

B, C, and D’s 3.5

performance 3
2.8
on Assignment 2.4
2.5

1, 2, and 3 2 2
1.8

A B C D
Assignment 1 Assignment 2 Assignment 3
 Usually for humanities and social
sciences
“Why” and “How”
What is To fill gaps
qualitati Non-numerical data
ve Inductive in nature- concerned
research with the generation of new theory
emerging from the data
 Different methods:
What is -> Case study
qualitative -> Interviews
research- ii -> Biography
Meant for analysis and interpretation
  Documentation of the data
 Organization/categorization of the data into
concepts
 Connection of the data to show how one
concept may influence another
Techniques  Corroboration/legitimization
 Representing the account(reporting the
findings)
  Inductive analysis ( gather data- look for
patterns- develop theory)
 Deductive analysis (Hypothesize- analyze-
hypotheses supported or not)
Analysis of  Conversation analysis
qualitative  Narrative analysis
 Progressive focusing
analysis
 Grounded theory: a systematic methodology
involving the construction of theories through
methodical gathering and analysis of data
 To highlight a specific
narrative considered
Boxed display
important and frame it in a
box

To describe options,
Decision tree modelling
decisions, and actions
Data
presentation To illustrate directional flow
Flow chart and show pathways of
different groups

To represent the dimensions

of the progression of certain
Ladder
phenomenon through time or
to show levels or stages
 To cross two or more dimensions,
Matrix variables, or concepts of relevance
to the topic of interest

To depict in a metaphorical way the

Metaphorical visual display
topics or themes found

To indicate shared or overlapping

Modified Venn diagram aspects of a concept, a category, or a
process
To depict relationships between
Network themes and subthemes or categories
and subcategories

Taxonomy To classify or organize information

Metaphorical
visual display
( eg.)
  Visual organization and representation of
knowledge
 Establishes relationships between and
amongst concepts
Concept  Makes data analysis of qualitative research
results easier:
mapping
 To frame a research project
 Organize qualitative data
Analyze themes
Make interconnections in a study, and present findings
 More inclusive concepts at the top of the
hierarchy
Concept Context-based embedding
Mapping
Helps to maintain meanings
 Extreme pressure to be
breadwinners
Patriarchy Power politics
harms both Intersectional
men and
women

To ensure
multiplicity
Equality Feminism

#Metoo

Safety on the
streets
  Experiment on college students to understand the effect of
exposure to sexist advertisements on impressionable members of
the society.
 Results showed that exposure and enjoyment
of sexist humour was positively correlated with “psychological,
Example I physical, and sexual aggression in men, self-reported likelihood of
using force in sex and increased
tolerance for rape and sexist attitude”.
 If a repetition of this experiment shows similar results – confirming
the knowledge, increasing its credibility
  What kind of books are college students reading?
 BITS students- sample population
 Categories:
Example Ii Mystery
Romance
Horror
 Connect to reading habits of college students in India
 Select a topic
Fill gaps or repeat an experiment?
Creation of What is your contribution
new Overarching theme of your project
knowledge Connect your research to a bigger issue
How is it relevant to the field
Analysing
Qualitative data are represented in
Qualitative categories / themes
Data
 1. Finding a focus
2. Managing data
3. Reading and annotating
4. Categorizing data
A. Creating categories and Assigning categories
B. Splitting and Splicing (merging) categories
Analysis
5. Linking data
general steps
6. Connecting categories
1. Associating and linking
2. Using maps and matrices
7. Corroborating evidences
8. Producing an account
 Content analysis
Thematic analysis
Narrative analysis
Different
Traditions Discourse analysis
Documentary analysis/ visual data
analysis
 Content analysis is a research technique
(or method of inquiry) for systematic and
replicable analysis of the content of
Content communication, and for making
Analysis inferences from that data to their context
 Environment means all the natural surroundings
such as land, air, water, plants, animals, solid
material, wastes, sunlight, forests and other
things. Healthy environment maintains the
nature’s balance as well as helps in growing,
nourishing and developing all the living things on
Example of the earth. However, now a days, some manmade
Content technological advancement spoiling the
Analysis environment in many ways which ultimately
disturbs the balance or equilibrium of nature. We
are keeping our lives in danger as well as
existence of life in future on this planet.
Possible Areas Environment
of Coding – Healthy environment
(Based on Outcomes of manmade technological
Research advancement
questions)
Environment means all the natural surroundings such as land, air,
water, plants, animals, solid material, wastes, sunlight, forests and
other things. Healthy environment maintains the nature’s
balance as well as helps in growing, nourishing and developing all
the living things on the earth. However, now a days, some
manmade technological advancement spoiling the environment
in many ways which ultimately disturbs the balance or equilibrium
of nature. We are keeping our lives in danger as well as existence
of life in future on this planet.