Electrocardiogram

By
H.Khorrami Ph.D.

http://khorrami1962.spaces.live.com
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How is your Heart-beating
Dipole
 Augmented leads
•  
a. aVR = RA -
• b. aVR = RA + [-]
• c. RA + LA + LL = 0
• d. Thus RA = -(LA + LL)
• e. b&d aVR = RA + = 3/2RA ( 3/2 VR)
 You need to calculate
Waves, segments or Amplitude(mv)
intervals Duration(sec) Significance
up to
P wave 0.15 0.08 Depolarization of atria
QRS complex 1.5 0.11 Depolarization of ventricles
T wave 0.3 0.16 Repolarization of ventricles
PQ(PR) segment 0 0.08 Atria stay in depolarization
ST segment 0 0.16 Ventricles stay in depolarization
Time passing current from SA node to the
PQ interval ---- 0.12-0.20
ventricular septum

QT interval ---- 0.36 Total action potential time of ventricles

0.42 in men
QTc (corrected) ---- 0.43 in women Power and performance of the heart
Cardiac vector
Precordial leads
Left axis deviation
Left axis deviation
Horizontal cardiac loop
A-V block
CARDIAC CYCLE
Mitral
Aortic
opens

Closes

Atrial Systole

S1
Isovolumic contract.
Rapid Ejection

Reduced Ejection

S2 Isovolumic Relax.
Rapid Ventricular
Filling

Reduced Ventricular
Filling

Atrial Systole
Aortic
closes
Mitral
opens
 LEFT VENTRICULAR PRESSURE/VOLUME P/V
LOOP
LEFT VENTRICULAR PRESSURE (mmHg)

120 F
E

80 D

40

A B
C
0
50 100 150
LEFT VENTRICULAR VOLUME (ml)
PRESSURE/VOLUME RELATIONSHIPS UNDER
DIFFERENT CONDITIONS

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