Valves

Basic Concept

Ali Elamin Ali Ahmed

Basic Concept

What is a Valve?

• A valve is a mechanical device, which is reg-ulates

either the flow or the pressure of the fluid.

Basic Concept

• The main functions of valves are:

 Stopping and starting flow.
 Reduce or increase a flow

 Controlling the direction of flow

 Regulating a flow or process pressure

 Relieve a pipe system of a certain pressure

Basic Concept

• The Different types of Valves are:

 Gate valve.

 globe valve.

 plug valve.

 Ball valve.

 butterfly valve.

 check valve.
Basic Concept

• The Different types of Valves are:

 diaphragm valve.

 pressure relief valve.

 control Valves

Each of these types has a number of models, with

different features and functional capabilities.

Basic Concept

• Classification of Valves:
valves can classify acceding to their function, service

motion and how they are actuated.

The commonly used valve classifications, based on

mechanical motion.
Basic Concept

• Classification of Valves based on

mechanical motion:
 Linear Motion Valves; moves in a straight line to

allow, stop, or throttle the flow.

 Rotary Motion Valves; travels along an angular or

circular path.
Basic Concept

• Classification of Valves based on

mechanical motion:

 Quarter Turn Valves; Some rotary motion Valves

require approximately a quarter turn, 0 through 90
°
Basic Concept

• Valves components:
The main parts of the most usual type of valve are:
 Valve body.

 Packing

 Disc

 Packing gland/nut

 Seat
Basic Concept

• Valves components:

 Bonnet

 Wheel Handle or actuator.

 Stem.

 Valve balls

 Spring

 Trim
Basic Concept

• Valves components:
Valve-body; the valve body is the outer casing of

most or all of the valve that contains the internal parts.

The body, the first pressure boundary of a valve, resists

fluid pressure loads from connecting piping. It receives

inlet and outlet piping through threaded, bolted, or welded

joints.
Basic Concept

• Valves components:
Valve Bonnet; The cover for the opening in the body

is the bonnet, It is commonly connected to the body

by a threaded, bolted, or welded joint. Many valves

do not have bonnets.

Basic Concept

• Valves components:
Disc; The disc is the part which allows, throttles, or

stops flow, depending on its position. In the case of

a plug or a ball valve, the disc is called plug or a ball.

Disk is a pressure related component.

Basic Concept

• Valves components:

Seat; The seat or seal rings provide the seating surface

for the disk, seat is the interior surface of the body and

always remains stationary relative to the body.

A valve may have one or more seats.

Basic Concept

• Valves components:

Valve Stem; the valve stem provides the necessary

movement to the disc, plug or the ball for opening or

closing the valve, It is connected to the valve hand-

wheel, actuator, or the lever at one end and on the

other side to the valve disc.

Basic Concept

• Valves components:
The motion transmitted by the stem may be a linear

or a rotational.

There are four types of valve stems:

 Rising stem with outside screw and yoke.

 Non rising stem with inside screw.

 Sliding stem(this valve stem does not rotate or turn, spindle).

 Rotary stem.
Basic Concept

• Valves components:

Valve Trim; The internal elements of a valve are

collectively referred to as a valve's trim, these parts

include valve seat(s), disc, glands, spacers, guides,

bushings, and internal springs.

Basic Concept
• Valves components:
Valve's trim performance is determined by the disk

and seat interface.

Trim materials may or may not be the same material

as the valve body or bonnet. Flow-medium properties,

chemical composition, pressure, temperature, flow rate,

velocity and viscosity are some of the important

considerations in selecting suitable trim materials.

Basic Concept
• Valves ratings:
Class Ratings; Pressure-temperature ratings of valves

are designated by class numbers.

According to API, Class - an alphanumeric designation

that is used for reference purposes relating to valve

pressure/temperature capability, taking into account

valve material mechanical properties and valve

dimensional characteristics
Basic Concept
Nominal
• Valves ratings : ANSI Pressure
Valve rating, Class Vs PN Class Rating PN

[#]

150 20
300 50
400 64
600 100
900 150
1500 250
2500 420
Basic Concept

• Valves grades:
Body materials; The l valve user normally specifies the

body material, which is often the same material as the

pipe. The most common choices of body material are

carbon steel, chrome-molybdenum steel and stainless

steel.
Basic Concept

• Valves grades:
WK., WCB and WCA; is a grade of carbon steel.

For each grade WC – stands for "wrought carbon" with

the third letter indicating grade - the higher the grade the

higher the tensile/yield strength.

Basic Concept
Classification of Valves based on
mechanical motion:

VALVE TYPE S LINEAR MOTION ROTARY MOTION QUARTE R TURN

GATE YE S NO NO
GLOBE YE S NO NO
PLUG NO YE S YE S
BALL NO YE S YE S

BUTTE RFLY NO YE S YE S

SWING CHECK NO YE S NO

DIAPHRAGM YE S NO NO

PINCH YE S NO NO
SAFE TY YE S NO NO
RE LIEF YE S NO NO
Basic Concept

• The mode of Operation:

The force required to operate a valve can be carried out

either manually (by hand) or mechanically.

Mechanical attachments (actuators) to a valve are usually

electrically, pneumatically, hydraulically and magnetically

operated.
Basic Concept

• Summary:
On this page number of basic information has been
defined;
 What is the valves.

 What is the valve's function.

 Common types of valves.

 How valves are classified.

 The main component of valve.

Basic Concept
• Summary:

 valves class and rating .

 Valves materials.
 Mode of operations.