Diet for Cardiovascular

Diseases

By: Janna Maruel C. Jocson

Cardiovascular Diseases
 is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels.
CVD includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina
and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart
attack).Other CVDs include stroke, heart failure,
hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease,
cardiomyopathy, abnormal heart rhythms, congenital heart
disease, valvular heart disease, carditis, aortic aneurysms,
peripheral artery disease, thromboembolic disease, and
venous thrombosis.
 Risk Factors
 Genetics
 Age
 Sex
 Tobacco
 Physical inactivity
 Diet
 What are the
different kind of
diseases?
 ATHEROSCLEROSIS
 Arteriosclerosis is the general term for vascular
diseases in which arteries harden (became
thickened), making the passage of blood difficult
and sometimes impossible. Atherosclerosis is
the form of arteriosclerosis that most frequently
occurs in developed countries. It is believed to
begin in childhood and is considered one of the
major causes of heart attack.
 Arteriosclerosis affects the inner lining of the
arteries where deposits of cholesterol, fats, and
other substances accumulates over time,
thickening and weakening artery walls. These
deposits are called plaque. Plaque deposits
gradually reduce the size of the lumen of the
artery and consequently the amount of blood
flow. The reduced blood flow causes an
inadequate supply of nutrients and oxygen
delivery to and waste removal from the tissues.
This is called ischemia.
 The reduced oxygen supply causes pain. When
the pain occurs in the chest and radiates down on
the left arm, it is called angina pectoris and
should be considered as warning. When the
lumen narrows so that a blood clot occurs in a
coronary artery and blood flow is cut off, a heart
attack occurs. The dead tissue that results is called
is infarct.
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
 It is caused by the blockage of coronary artery
supplying blood to the heart. Atherosclerosis is a
primary cause but hypertension, abdominal blood
clotting and infection such as that caused by
rheumatic fever. After the attack the client is in
shock. The client should be given nothing by the
mouth, NPO however, until the physician
evaluated the condition. Foods should not be
extremely hot or cold. It should be easy to chew,
digest and contain.
Risk Factors

 Hyperlipidemia, smoking and hypertension are

major risk factors for the development of
arteriosclerosis. It is known that dietary
cholesterol and triglycerides contributes to
hyperlipidemia. Foods containing saturated fats
increase serum cholesterol whereas mono and
unsaturated fats tends to reduce it.
 MEDICAL NUTRITIONAL THERAPY
 Medical nutritional therapy is the primary therapy for
hyperlipidemia. It involves reducing the quality and type of
and often kcal of the diet. The American Heart Association
recommended a total fat intake of 25-35% of calories. That’s
about 80% of fat or less a day if you eat 2,000 calories a day.
FOODS TO INCLUDE FOR FAT
RESTRICTED DIETS
 Breads and cereals- whole grain breads and rolls, plain buns,
bagels, pita bread, cereals without coconut
 Vegetables and fruits- any fresh fruit or vegetable except on
those on the avoid list
 Meats, Poultry and Fish- fish but limited shrimp or lobster,
lean beef, pork, lamb, veal, egg whites and yolks
 Dairy- fat free milk or low fat milk, dry curd or low fat
cottage cheese, buttermilk, puddings made with fat free milk
 Others- oil (canola, olive, peanut), syrup, gelatin, jelly,
honey, fat free broths
 FOODS TO AVOID
 Bread made with egg or cheese, croissants, bakery products,
butter crackers
 Coconut palm oil, avocados, olives
 Fatty or prime-grade meats, spareribs, sausage, bacon,
luncheon meats, domestic ducks and geese, organ meats
 Milk with more than 1% fat, cream, non-dairy creamers,
most cheese esp. process or blue
 Butter, lard, bakery desserts, ice creams, fried foods
 Some clients will find the use of the diabetic exchange lists
useful for controlling the fat content of their diets. When fat
controlled diets are severely restricted, limiting kcal intake to
1,200 they may be deficient in fat soluble vitamins.
 FOODS TO LIMIT ON A LOW
CHOLESTEROL DIET
 Fats on meats and fish  Cream
 Lard  Whole milk
 Organ meats
 Natural cheeses
 Luncheon meats
 Commercially fried
 Prime grade meats
 Duck
foods
 Skin on chicken and  Custard
turkey  Ice cream
 Crab meat  Chicken livers
 Lobster
 Cheeseburgers
 Egg yolks
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
 CHF is an example of decompensation or severe heart disease. It
can result from injury to the heart muscle due to atherosclerosis,
hypertension or rheumatic fever.
 With the inadequate of circulation, body tissues do not receive
sufficient amounts of nutrients. This insuffiency can cause
malnutrition and underweight although edema can mask these
problems.
 Diuretics to aid the excretion of water and sodium and a sodium
restricted diet are typically prescribed. Because diuretics can
cause excessive loss of potassium, the client’s blood potassium
should be carefully monitored to prevent hypokalemia.
 POTASSIUM RICH FOODS
 Fruits- Apricots, oranges, bananas. Avocados,
Raisins, Grapefruit, kiwi, pineapple,
strawberries, prunes, peaches

 Vegetables- Asparagus, broccoli, cabbage,

pumpkin, squash, tomatoes, spinach, potatoes
AYS MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESD THURSDA FRIDAY SATURDAY S
AY Y
REAKFAST 1 plain bread 1 plain bread 1 piece of 1 plain bread 1plain bread 1 plain bread 1
(66 kcal), 1 (66 kcal), 1 plain bread (66), low fat (66 kcal), low (66), 1 cup of (
apple (52 cup of raw (66 kcal), low milk (52) fat milk (52), raw grapes w
kcal) , low fat grapes (67), fat milk (52), = 118 kcal apple (52) (67), water (
milk (52) water 1 banana (89 = 170 = 133 =
= 170 = 133 kcal)
= 207 kcal
UNCH 1 cup of rice 1 cup of rice 1 cup of rice 1 cup of rice 1 cup of rice 1 cup of rice 1
(73 kcal), (73), ½ cup (73 kcal), 1 (73), paksiw (73), 100 (73), 1 cup (
tokwa 125g of ginisang cup of luffa na isda (90), grams of menudo (80), n
(70 kcal), ampalaya with miswa water pakbet (64), water (
water, banana (107), water (80 kcal), = 163 kcal water = 153 kcal =
(89 kcal) = 180 kcal water =137 kcal
= 232 kcal = 153 kcal
NNER 1 cup of rice 1 tomato 1 cup of salad 1 cup of 1 cup of salad 1 lettuce 1
(73 kcal), sandwich (130), water carrots (50), (130), water sandwich (
munggo (135 (170), 1 cup = 130 kcal 4 ounces of = 130 kcal (81), 4 =
kcal), water of pineapple orange juice ounces of
= 208 kcal (50) (55) orange juice
= 220 kcal = 105 kcal (55)
= 136