DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF

ABRASIVE JET MACHINE (AJM) &

ANALYSING IT’S PERFORMANCE

BY
Mahesh Kumar Reddy V
Asst Prof
HITS
 ABSTRACT
 Abrasive Jet Machining is the process of material removal from a
work piece by the application of a high speed stream of abrasive
particles carried in a gas medium from a nozzle.

 AJM will chiefly be used to cut shapes in hard and brittle

materials like glass, ceramics etc.

 In this project, a model of the Abrasive Jet Machine is proposed to

design by taking into consideration commercially available
components.
 INTRODUCTION
 Abrasive jet machining (AJM) is a non-traditional machining
process that can machine material without generating heat and
shock.

 It is similar to sand blasting process but in here finer abrasive

powders and smaller nozzles are used.

 Abrasive jet machining (AJM) is commonly used for Cutting,

Cleaning, Drilling and Etching operation
 MECHANISM OF AJM
 Fine particles are accelerated in gas stream.

 The particles are directed towards the focus

of machining.

 As the particle impacts the surface it causes

a small fracture, and the gas stream carries
both the abrasive particles and the fractured
particles away.
LINE DIAGRAM OF AJM
 CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS
Equipments involved in the construction of the
“ Abrasive Jet Machine” are as follows
 Compressor
 Mixing pipe
 Nozzle holder
 Nozzle
 Hopper
 Control valves
 Pressure gauge
 Dehumidifier or Filter
 PROCESS PARAMETERS
The variables that influence the rate of metal removal are as follows :
 Abrasives : SiC, Al2O3
 Medium : Air
 Material of nozzle : Tungsten carbide
 Nozzle size : N1- id : 1mm
N2- id : 2mm
 Pressure : 2-8 bar
 Stand off distance : 0.25 to 10 mm
 Work materials : Non-Metals like Glass, Ceramics
 Part applications : Drilling, Cutting, Deburring,
Cleaning
THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF OUR PROJECT

 To Drill a glass sheet by using different abrasive

powder(Sand).
 To calculate the time for drill by using different
abrasive of different grain size
 Analysing the performance of machining process.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
 First check that there should not be any air
leakages.
 Maintain required pressure.
 Use hand glouses and goggles while performing the
machining operations.
 Use protection chamber of the machine.
 Valves opening and closing must be done only when
it is required.
 Off the compressor after the completion of
machining operation.
 ANALYSING PROCESS PARAMETERS ON
MACHINING
Here we are taking two parameters for experimental work

1) NOZZLE TIP DISTANCE (NTD) OR STAND OFF DISTANCE (SOD)

2) PRESSURE

 IN THE FIRST EXPERIMENT, HOW THE SOD EFFECTING THE DIAMETER

OF THE HOLE?
‘‘SOD VS HOLE DIAMETER’’

 IN THE SECOND EXPERIMENT, HOW THE PRESSURE OF AIR EFFECTING

ON THE MACHINING TIME?
‘‘PRESSURE VS TIME’’
EFFECT OF STAND OFF DISTANCE (SOD) ON DIAMETER OF HOLE

Here pressure is kept constant at 4bar, glass

sheet thickness is taken as 5mm.
SOD(mm) Top surface Bottom surface
diameter(mm) diameter(mm)

3 4 1

6 5.5 1.5

Table: Effect of Stand of Distance on Diameter of Hole.

3 Top dia
Bottom dia
2

0
3 6
 EFFECT OF PRESSURE VS TIME
Here SOD is kept constant at 3mm, glass sheet
thickness is taken as 3.5mm

Pressure (bar) Time (min/sec)

4 2.16
5 1.53
6 1.36
Table: Effect of Pressure on Time.

2.5

1.5

1 Time

0.5

0
4bar 5bar 6bar
 CONCLUSION
Abrasive Jet Machine was fabricated with following specifications.
1.Diameter of nozzles : 0.6 – 2 mm.
2.Type of abrasive particles : Aluminum oxide (Al2O3), Silicon carbide (SiC)
3.Pressure range : 3 to 8 bar
4.Carrier gas used : Dry air

This project presents various results of experiments conducted by changing the

parameters such as pressure, Nozzle Tip Distance (NTD) or Stand off Distance (SOD) and
glass plates with varying thickness. The effect of their process parameters on the Material
Removal Rate (MRR), top surface diameter and bottom surface diameter of hole obtained
were measured and plotted.

With it was observed that as NTD or SOD increases, the top surface diameter and
bottom surface diameter of hole increases. When compare to the diameter of bottom
surface of glass hole, diameter of top surface diameter is more. This is due to deflection and
reflection of the abrasive particles. It is the general observation in the Abrasive Jet
Machining process. As the pressure increases Metal Removal Rate (MRR) was also
increased.
 FUTURE SCOPE OF THE WORK

The future scope of the present work is analysis can be done by using
different nozzle tip diameters, different type of abrasive particles, different
size of abrasive particles, different work materials. Also the Abrasive Jet
Machine (AJM) can be improved by computer numerical control (CNC).