• A process that helps readers to

direct information towards a goal

and focuses their attention.
 Skimming
 Scanning
 Meaning in Context
 Prediction
 Inference
 What is skimming?

◦ To get an “overall idea”/ main idea of the text

◦ Can be found using the topic sentences of each
paragraph
◦ Rapid reading; focus on the title, headings, topic
sentence, sign posts
 Maria is watching too much television. A toddler
shouldn’t be spending hours staring blankly at a
screen. Worse yet, some of her wild behavior has
been inspired by those awful cartoons she
watches. We need to spend more time reading
books with her and pull the plug on the TV!
 What is the main idea of this paragraph?
A. Watching a lot of television isn’t good for Maria.
B. Books are good.
C. All cartoons are bad.
D. Some cartoons are bad for Maria.
 Don't wait for your company to send you to school.
Determine your needs and ask about the company's
training program. If they don't have one, sign up for
classes at a local college. When it comes to your
profession, you should be a lifelong learner. Put a high
priority on learning new skills and on personal growth and
professional development. Learn new software technology
and improve interpersonal and writing skills.

 The topic of this paragraph is

A. Waiting for your company to send you to school.
B. The company's training program.
C. Being a lifelong learner.
D. New software technology.
 What is scanning?

◦ To get the specific idea of the text

◦ Pick out keywords from questions (when ,where,
why what, who and how)
◦ Scanning involves moving your eyes quickly down
the page seeking specific words and phrases.
 Although poetry was Dante Gabriel Rossetti’s
first love, as was his sister’s, Christina
Rossetti (who was one of the most
remarkable poets of her time), he decided on
an artistic career. In September 1848, he
formed a ‘secret society’ with other painters
called the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (PRB).
The group aimed to produce work with both
aesthetic and moral values.
 What was the name of Rossetti’s sister?
 What was the title of Rossetti’s secret society?
1. What can you save from shopping at this
place?

2. How many good reasons are there for

shopping there?

3. What is the telephone number?

 A strategy in which readers use information
to forecast what will happen in the FUTURE,
often but not always based on experience
or knowledge
 Prediction can be done before and while
reading.
 Valarie pulled into her mother’s driveway on a lovely morning in the
month of May. She got the kids out of the car and walked them up to
the door. Grandma smiled brightly and welcomed them, “ so nice to
see you children. You too Valarie, I hope that you have a wonderful
vacation. We will see you in couple weeks.” the kids kissed their
mother goodbye and went outside to play in the warm sun. they
were wearing shorts and t- shirts and had sunblock on their noses.
As mom pulled out of the driveway, a storm cloud rolled across the
sky. The temperature suddenly dropped. Grandma looked at the
weather report and saw a bunch of snowflake icons across the next
few days. Then grandma looked at the shivering children in their
summer clothes. “Do you have anything warmer in you bags, kids?”
The children shook their heads. Grandma replied, “ ok, well, hop in
the car. We’ve got to go to the store.” Tiny snowflakes began to
fall……

A. What event is most likely to occur next?

B. What evidence from the text supports your prediction?
 Kenya was pumped about the dance competition. She was
driving there in her mama’s car and taking her teammates
Dana and Jenna. It was a four- hour car ride. They were
listening to the new Mountain Boy’s album and the girls
were singing along to all of choruses, replaying the songs
that they liked multiple times. They were having so much
fun cruising down the highway and singing that Kenya
didn’t even notice the needle on her fuel gauge drop
below the E line. Dana pressed the back button to replay
their favorite song, My Heart Takes off Its Cowboy Hat for
You. As the song began playing, the car’s engine began
sputtering……

A. What event is most likely to occur next?

B. What evidence from the text supports your prediction?
 Inference is similar to prediction but they
are not the same.
 An inference is prediction or conclusion
about something in written text often to do
with what the character may see, hear,
smell, taste or feel.
 When inferring, you are using all clues and
information to draw conclusion on what is
being read.
 Olivia was practising her flute. She kept
checking the time. She constantly stared at
her neighbours playing baseball.
 You can guess that Olivia ……
A. thinks time is flying
B. is performing for an audience
C. would rather be outside
D. feels a bird will come by and disturb her
 It was dark. Jack and his mom had taken a long walk near
their house. They had gone with some friends. They used a
flashlight to see the path and had a lot of fun. They roasted
marshmallows when they got home.
 When did this story take place?

A. In the afternoon
B. At lunch
C. In the morning
D. At night

 What might Jack be able to see if he looked at the sky?

 Guess through:
◦ Examples
◦ Definitions
◦ Imagine the situation
◦ Transitional or signal words
◦ General idea given in the surrounding sentences
 Piscatorial creatures, such as flounder,
salmon and trout, live in the coldest parts of
the ocean.

The meaning of piscatorial is

A. Fish
B. Turtles
C. Corals
D. Cockles
 Projectiles include those items that are shot
forward such as a cannon shell, bullet or
rocket.
 Using the example clue, the word projectiles
is this sentence means
A. Things put down
B. Things shot forward
C. Things hurt
D. Things broken
 Logging industry has been accused of
massacring, killing in great numbers of, rare
species.
 What is the meaning of massacring?
A. Killing in great numbers of
B. Rare species
C. Logging industry
D. Conserving and preserving
 The Indians taught the Europeans to preserve
meat by making pemmican, cakes prepared
from dried lean meat mixed with fat, a skill
which saved many trapper’s life.
 What is the meaning of pemmican?
A. cakes prepared from dried lean meat mixed
with fat
B. Trapper’s life
C. Types of cakes
D. Briyani
 Katie appeared infallible in math class
because she had never gotten a problem
wrong.
 Infallible probably means
A. Never wrong
B. Mistaken
C. Wrong
D. Incorrect
 Phyllis felt elated when she won the race.

 The word elated in this sentence means

A. Sick
B. Miserable
C. Tired
D. Happy
 My sister loathes broccoli, but she loves
spinach.
 The word loathes means
A. Dislikes intensely
B. Eats eagerly
C. Prepares and cooks
D. Buys and keeps
 One brother is an erudite professor; the other
brother, however, has never shown any
interest in books or learning.
 Erudite probably means
A. Old; elderly
B. Well- educated; well- read
C. Snobbish; stuck up
D. Humor
 Because there was so little precipitation this
year, the crops dried up and died.
 The word precipitation means
A. Fertilizer
B. Planting
C. Rain
D. Space
 The waiter was so brusque that we left only a
small tip. He was impolite and impatient, and
seemed annoyed whenever we asked for
something.
 The word brusque probably means
A. Acting or speaking in a rude, abrupt manner
B. Frightening looking
C. Knowledgeable and skilled
D. Eats eagerly
THANK YOU