Types of

Research
 • General Forms of Research

1. Scientific Research: is a research method that

seeks to explain naturally occurring
phenomena in the natural world by generating
credible theories.
2. Research in Humanities: seeks to define the
purpose of human existence by tapping into
historical facts and future possibilities. It also
derive explanations from human experiences
that cannot be simply measured by facts and
figures alone.
 • General Forms of Research

3. Artistic Research: provides alternative

approaches to established concepts by conducting
practical methods as substitutes for fundamental
and theoretical ones.
Its main purpose is to expound on the
current accepted concepts and open them to
further interpretation
Research Design
 • Research Design

1. Action Research: this design follows a cyclical

process. First, the researcher identifies a problem
and determines a plan of action to address it.
Then, the action plan is implemented and data is
gathered to determine the effects of the action
implemented.
The information gathered during the
implementation phase is analyzed and evaluated in
order to gain a better understanding of the problem
and determine the effectiveness of the solution
implemented
 • Research Design

2. Causal Design: it explore how a specific

change impacts a certain situation.

3. Descriptive Design: answers who, what, when,

where, and how questions related particular
research problem. This design is used to obtain
information about the present situation to gain an
understanding of a certain phenomena.
 • Research Design

4. Experimental Design: In this design the

researcher controls the factors and variables
related to a certain phenomena and tries to change
or manipulate one or several factors to determine
the possible effects.
 • Research Design

5. Exploratory Design: focuses on topics or

problems which have had little or no studies done
about them.
The purpose of this is to gain information and
insight that can be used for later researches
 • Research Design

6. Cohort design: It identifies a group of people

sharing common characteristics who are then
studied for period of time. The researcher seeks
to identify how these groups are affected by
certain factors or changes and relates the
information gathered to the research topic or
problem.
 • Research Design

7. Cross=sectional design: it looks into a large

group of people. Composed of individuals with
varied characteristics. The researcher seeks to
determine how these individuals are affected by a
certain variable or change and gathers data at a
specific period of time.
 • Research Design

8. Longitudinal Design: follows a group of

people over a long period of time. It also explores
causal relationships over time and determines how
long these relationships last and extent of their
effects on the group being studied.
 • Research Design

9. Sequential Design: this design carried out in

stages to gather sufficient data to test the
hypothesis. It often combined with cohort or
cross-sectional study as it identifies specific
groups for each stage.
 • Research Design

10. Mixed-Method Design:

it combines aspects of various research designs
and methods. It primarily combines qualitative
and quantitative research methods to gain a
complete picture of the research problem and
gather data that will fully determine the validity
of the hypotheses.