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Presentation
On
STATCOM
Reliability
Flexibility
Fast response
Accuracy
Solution: FACTS
Flexible AC Transmission Systems
AC transmission systems incorporating power
electronic based & other static controllers to :
Enhance controllability
Enhance usable capacity of transmission lines.
FACTS Controllers can be divided into four categories:
1) Series Controllers
2) Shunt Controllers
3) Combined series-shunt Controllers
4) Combined series-series Controllers
Introduction to STATCOM
Control of reactive
power by---DC to AC or
AC to DC switching
converter.
No internal energy
storage element is used.
Coupling Transformer –
to match the bus voltage
with converter voltage.
COMPONENTS of STATCOM
Coupling Transformer
Voltage source
converter
Capacitor bank
STATCOM controller
BASIC PRINCIPLE
Reactive current
Corresponding reactive
power
By controlling the
excitation of the
machine (E) reactive
power flow can be
controlled
BASIC PRINCIPLE
Basic principle is similar to that of synchronous
condenser i.e
E >V (i.e over excitation) results in leading current,
M/C act as capacitor
E <V (i.e under excitation) results in lagging current,
M/C act as inductor
To compensate the mechanical and electrical losses, a
small amount of real power of course flows from the
AC system to M/C
Controlling E leads to control of Q which further
controls the bus voltage (V)
Operation
From DC i/p voltage source,the
converter produces controllable 3
phase o/p voltage of power system
frequency.
By varying this o/p voltage (Vo) the
reactive power flow is controlled
If Vo>V current flow through tie
reactance from converter to AC
system hence converter generates
reactive power for the ac system.
If Vo=V than Q=0
Operation
If Vo<V current flow
through tie reactance
from AC system to
converter hence
converter absorbs
reactive power.
Practical converter used
for STATCOM are
1. 1 phase H bridge inverter
2. 3 phase 2 level inverter
3. Multi pulse inverter
Operation
STATCOM can be
operated for
independent control of
real and reactive power
i.e. it can be operated in
4 quadrant operation.
To exchange real power
phase shift between Vo
and V is made.
CONTROL OF STATCOM