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Milton Friedman
There is one and only one social
responsibility of business—to use its
resources and engage in activities designed
to increase its profits so long as it stays
within the rules of the game, which is to say,
engages in open and free competition
without deception or fraud.
Broader responsibility --
… in order of priority …
Carroll’s 4 Responsibilities
–Economic
Economic responsibilities of a business are to
produce goods services of value to society
–Legal
Legal responsibilities are defined by governments
in laws that management is expected to obey
–Ethical
Ethical responsibilities of a business are to follow
the generally held beliefs about behavior in society
–Discretionary
Purely voluntary obligations. (Philanthropic, etc)
Corporate Stakeholders
Affect or are affected by the achievement
of the corporation’s objectives
Stakeholder Analysis –
–Primary stakeholder
•Sufficient bargaining power to affect outcomes
(Customers , Employees , Suppliers , Shareholders , Creditors)
–Secondary stakeholder
•Indirect stake but are affected by corporation’s actions
(Governments , NGO’s , Activists , Local communities , trade
associations , Competitors)
–Stakeholder Input
•Determine whether input is necessary
“business ethics”
Competing Fairly
and Honestly
Communicating
Truthfully
“business ethics”
Corporate practices --
Provocative Question --
Perceptions caused by --
Allport-Vernon-Lindzey
Study of Values --
–Aesthetic
–Economic
–Political
–Religious
–Social
–Theoretical
1. Preconvention level
–Characterized by a concern for self
•Personal interest
•Avoidance of punishment
2. Conventional level
–Characterized consideration of society’s values
•External code of conduct
3. Principled level
–Characterized by adherence to internal moral
code
•Universal values or principles
Codes of Ethics
–Ethics
Consensually accepted standards of behavior for
an occupation, a trade, or a profession
–Morality
Precepts of personal behavior based on religious
or philosophical grounds
–Law
Formal codes that permit or forbid certain
behaviors
Prentice Hall, Inc. © 2006 3-29
Encouraging Ethical Behavior
–Utilitarian
•Judged by consequences
(Does it optimize the satisfaction of all stakeholders?)
–Individual Rights
•Fundamental rights in all decisions
(Does it respect the rights of the individuals involved?)
–Justice
•Distribution in equitable fashion
(Does it consistent with the canons of justice?)
•“golden rule”
Treat others as you would like them to treat you
•Means - Ends
A person should never treat other human beings
as means for advancing his or her own interests
Accurate Information
Freedom of Choice
Right to Be Heard
Prentice Hall, Inc. © 2006 3-33
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