HISTOLOGY AND ITS METHODS

TO STUDY
Histology Department
FK Unud
 DEPARTEMENT’S PERSONALS

• Dr. I WAYAN SUGIRITAMA, M.Kes

• Dr. I G N SRI WIRYAWAN, M.Repro
• DR. Dr. I A IKA WAHYUNIARI, M.Kes
• DR. Dr. NI MADE LINAWATI, M.Si
• Dr. I G A DEWI RATNAYANTI, M.Biomed
• Dr. I G K NYOMAN ARIJANA, M.Si.Med

West wing 4th floor

 HISTOLOGY & THE METHOD TO
STUDY
Histology : - histos = tissue
- logia = a branch of learning

* science of the tissues

* how these tissues arranged to
constitute organ
* characteristic of the tissues
* using the microscope
• Histology = microscopic anatomy
• Bears a close relationship to several
other biological and medical science such
as anatomy, biochemistry, physiology
• Basic medical science
 CELL

TISSUE

ORGAN

ORGAN SYSTEM

ORGANISM
 Composition of the tissue
• Three components that made up the tissue
– Cells
– Extracellular matrix
– Extracellular fluid
 The Cells
• More than 200 types kind of cells
• Difference in morphology and function
• Constructed by cell membrane, cytoplasm,
and nucleus
• These cells aggregate together to form the
tissue
 Extracellular matrix (ECM)
• The matrix in which the cells are embedded
– Fiber
– Ground substance:
• GAG
• Proteoglikan
• Glycoprotein adhesive
 Extracellular fluid
• Main function:
* mechanical support for the cells
* transport nutrients, oxygen and
signaling molecules to the cells
* to carry away waste products,
co2 from the cell
 PRIMARY TISSUES

• Based on the function and it’s structure

-----4 types of tissue
1. Epithelial tissue
2. Connective tissue
3. Muscle tissue
4. Nerve tissue
 Epithelial tissue
• Clusters of the cells with or without
intercellular substance
• Exist as sheets covering or lining the body
surface or glands
• Originate from ectoderm and endoderm,
mesoderm
 Connective tissue
• Derived from mesoderm
• Composed of extracellular matrix and cells
• Dense connective tissue and loose connective
tissue
• Specialized : cartilage, bone and blood
 Muscle tissue
• Main function: contraction
• Two types of the muscle
– Striated:
• skeletal muscle
• cardiac muscle
– Smooth muscle
 Nervous tissue
• Composed of billions of neurons
• Function : center of communication and
database of the body
• Receptors : receive information from outside
• This information is formulated
--------> effectors organ
 HOW TO LEARN THE TISSUE
• The permanent slide preparation is desired
• Cut very thin slices -----small fragment called
sections
• The fine cutting instrument ---microtome
• Suitable for light microscopy
• Histology staining  to identified the
structured seen through the microscope.
 LIGHT MICROSCOPE
• The light microscope is composed
of both mechanical and optical parts
1. Slide stage
2. Focus adjustment
3. Lamp system
4. Lens system ---- ocular
objective
condenser
 Eyepiece--
occular

Lens tube

coarse
adjusment

fine objective
adjusment

body Slide desk

condencer

Light source
 How use the Light Microscope
• To regulate the light into the LM
• Put the slide on the slide stage
• To regulate the focus adjustment
• Observe with low power objective
 high power objective
 Magnification and field of view

magnif diameter
Eye piece objective
ication

Low pw 10x 10x 100x 1500 um

High pw 10x 40x 400x 375 um

Oil
10x 100x 1000x 150 um
immersion