QUIZ

1. The main part or foundation of a word

2. The plane that separates the front from the back.

3. Tissues combine to form these

4. Suffix meaning inflammation

5. The transverse plane separates the _____ from the

________.
6. Tonsillitis
7. Leukemia

8. Cephalgia
9. Dental

10. Postmortem
Integumentary System
MEDL 2350
March 3, 2003
What is the Integument?
• The INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM includes all the
structures and tissues related to the skin.
• This includes:
1. skin
a. Epidermis
b. Dermis
2. accessory organs
a. Hair
b. Nails
c. Glands
• The skin covers the entire body and
provides protection against injuries,
infection, and toxic compounds.
• The system contains many nerve endings
that act as RECEPTORS for pain,
temperature, touch, and pressure.
Anatomy of the Skin

• Upper layer of skin is called EPIDERMIS

EPI- means on top of
DERMIS means skin

• The lower layer of skin is called the

DERMIS.
The Epidermis

• Is multilayered.
• Contains is superficial layer of dead skin
cells called STRATUM CORNEUM.
• The stratum corneum is composed of cells
called KERATIN.
• Is AVASCULAR (no blood vessels)
• Has no nerve tissue (can’t feel pain)
The Dermis
• Has two distinct layers:
1. Papillary Layer (more superficial)
2. Reticular Layer (deeper)
• Accessory organs begin the dermis.
• Some of the accessory organs end or
cross into the epidermis.
• The dermis contains blood vessels and
nerve tissue.
Subcutaneous Fat and Superficial
Fascia
• The SubQ fat is found deep to the dermis.
• It contains the larger blood vessels of the
skin.
• It is composed of adipose (fat) tissue, a
form of connective tissue.
• Deep to the subQ layer is the fascial layer
that covers the muscles beneath.
Combining Forms

Adip/o

Lip/o All mean FAT

Steat/o
Adip/osis Abnormal condition of fat

Resembling fat
Lip/oid

Tumor of fat
Steat/oma
Cutane/o

Dermat/o
skin

Derm/o
Subcutaneous Pertaining to under the skin

Dermatology Study of the skin

hypodermic Pertaining to under the

skin
Hidro/o sweat

Anhidrosis - abnormal condition of sweat

Kerat/o horny tissue

keratosis- - abnormal condition of hard tissue

Myc/o fungus

Onychomycosis – abnormal condition of fungal toenails

Onych/o

Onychomalacia

softenting of nails
 Pil/o
Hair
Trich/o

A Pilonidal cyst
Trichopathy

Is a cyst that pertains to a

nest of hair Is a disease of the hair
Xer/o

Means dry

xeroderma

means dry skin

derm / o / tome

An instrument to cut

skin
Remember, the dermis
contains the hair
follicles, sweat glands,
and sebaceous glands
(oil glands)
The term “diaphoresis” is meant to denote
excessive sweating.

The combining form for sweat is

hidr/o
Don’t get confused!!!

Hidr/o means sweat

Hydr/o means water

Hidrosis is an abnormal condition of sweat
that causes blistering and peeling of the
palms and soles.

Anhidrosis is an abnormal condition of

diminished or absent sweat.
A hidradenoma is a
tumor of the sweat
gland.
Recall, the dermis is
attached to the
underlying structures
of the skin by
subcutaneous tissue.

The subcutaneous
tissue forms
lip/o/cytes, or fat
cells.
A suction lipectomy is the
removal of the
subcutaneous fat tissue
using a blunt-tipped
cannula (tube) introduced
into the fatty area
through a small incision.
Suction is then applied
and fat tissue is removed.
 Dermat/o/scler/osis

hardening

Disease
skin

Therefore, dermatosclerosis is literally translated as a disease

that results in the hardening of the skin. Also known as
scleroderma, this disease is an autoimmune disease that results
in scarring of the vital organs resulting in death.
• The oil secreting glands of the skin are
called the SEBACEOUS GLANDS.

• The sweat glands are known as

SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS.
 Mycodermatitis

fungus

skin
inflammation

A mycodermatitis is an inflammatory
disease of the skin caused by a
fungus. A common example of this is
ATHLETE’S FOOT or TINEA PEDIS.
Test Yourself

Xerophagia Condition of eating only dry

foods

Tichomycosis A fungal disease of the hair

Adipocele A hernia of fat cells

Plastic surgery of the skin

Dermatoplasty
More Combining Forms of Color

Cyan/o Blue
Erythr/o Red
Melan/o Black
Xanth/o Yellow
Leuk/o white
The pigment that causes skin coloration is
MELANIN

Melanosis is the abnormal condition of

black.

A melanoma is a tumor of black pigment.

A person with bluish discoloration of the skin
exhibits

Cyanosis or cyanoderma
 SOME DISEASE SPECIFICS
• A BASAL CELL CARCINOMA is a type of skin
cancer that affects the basal skin layer of the
epidermis.

• A MELANOMA is characterized by asymmetry,

irregular borders, and lack of a uniform
coloration.

• A DECUBITUS ULCER is a bedsore that

penetrates both epidermis and dermis.
PSORIASIS is a chronic disease that is
characterized by red lesions covered by silvery
scales.

ABRASIONS are scrapes

ALOPECIA is an absence or loss of hair.

CONTUSION is a collection of dried blood beneath

the skin. Commonly called bruises.
CYSTs are closed sacs containing fluid or solid
material.

ECCHYMOSIS is discoloration of the skin due to a

bruise.

ECZEMA is an inflammatory skin disease with red,

itchy skin. Sometimes has associated blisters
(bullae)
FISSURE is a crack in the skin. Usually associated with dry,
scaly skin.

HIRSUTISM is a condition characterized by excessive hair

growth.

IMPETIGO is an inflammatory skin disease with isolated

pustules that rupture.

LACERATION is a tearing of the skin. Irregular borders.

MACULEs are flat, discolored lesions.

NODULEs are palpable lesions larger than a

macule. Usually between 1-2 cm

PAPULEs are solid elevated lesions