 also known as a quake, tremor or temblor, is

the perceptible shaking of the surface of

the Earth, resulting from the sudden release
of energy in the Earth’s crust that
creates seismic waves.
 Seismic waves – are the waves of energy
that travel through the earth’s layers.
 Hypocenter(Focus) – the point of origin
of an earthquake or a subsurface
nuclear explosion.
 Epicenter – the part of the earth’s
surface directly above the focus of an
earthquake.
 Ground shaking- is caused by the
passage of seismic waves, especially
surface waves near the epicenter of the
earthquake are responsible for the most
damage during an earthquake. Is the
primary cause of earthquake damage to
man-made structures. When the ground
shakes strongly, buildings can be damaged
or destroyed and their occupants may be
injured or killed.
 Ground Rupture -is an offset of the
ground surface when
fault rupture extends to the
Earth's surface. Any structure built
across the fault is at risk of being torn
apart as the two sides of the fault slip
past each other.
 is the mixing of sand or soil and
groundwater (water underground) during the
shaking of a moderate or strong earthquake.
When the water and soil are mixed, the ground
becomes very soft and acts similar to
quicksand. If liquefaction occurs under a
building, it may start to lean, tip over, or sink
several feet. The ground firms up again after
the earthquake has past and the water has
settled back down to its usual place deeper in
the ground. Liquefaction is a hazard in areas
that have groundwater near the surface and
sandy soil.
 LOCATION Magnitude
Chile 9.5

1964 Great Alaska Earthquake 9.2

Off the West Coast of Northern 9.1

Sumatra
Near the East Coast of Honshu, Japan 9.0

Kamchatka 9.0

Offshore Maule, Chile 8.8

Off the Coast of Ecuador 8.8

Rat Islands, Alaska 8.7

Northern Sumatra, Indonesia 8.6

Assam - Tibet 8.6

 The crust and the top of the mantle make up a thin skin
on the surface of our planet. But this skin is not all in one
piece – it is made up of many pieces like a puzzle
covering the surface of the earth. Not only that, but
these puzzle pieces keep slowly moving around, sliding
past one another and bumping into each other. We
call these puzzle pieces as tectonic plates, and the
edges of the plates are called the plate boundaries.
The plate boundaries are made up of many faults, and
most of the earthquakes around the world occur on
these faults. Since the edges of the plates are rough,
they get stuck while the rest of the plate keeps moving.
Finally, when the plate has moved far enough, the
edges unstick on one of the faults and there is an
earthquake.