Biology IPA

2nd Semester
Topics

Respiratory System
Excretory System
Homeostasis
Nervous System
Endocrine System
Senses
Drugs
Respiratory System Cryptogram

Riddle: What regulates whether

materials that you take in through your
mouth travel down your oesophagus or
your trachea?
Gas exchange in humans
Respiratory surface
Set of tubes
Blood supply
Ventilation system
Recall
Respiratory System
The Breathing Process
Respiratory System
 Respiration
energy

Respiration
Set of chemical reactions that break
down nutrient molecules in living cells
to release energy
 Respiration
energy
• Growth
• Maintenance of body temperature
• Passage of nerve impulses
• Cell division
• Movement
 2 Types of Respiration
Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration
Marathon

 If somebody challenged you to a run a

race, how should you prepare to win?

1. Practice
2. Eat the right foods
3. Drink the right
liquids
 All living organisms break
down sugars to get energy. In
humans this breakdown
usually occurs with oxygen.
 What is Aerobic Respiration?

The breaking down of sugar to produce

energy where oxygen is present.

Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water+ Energy

C 6 H 12 O6  6O2   6CO2  6 H 2 O  36 ATP

Enzymes
Xi Jinping Kim Jong- Vladimir Donald
Un Putin Trump
 Muscular work = Energy
Extreme activities MUSCLES
Lung and heart CANNOT CAN RELEASE ENERGY
SUPPLY ENOUGH OXYGEN without oxygen
 Anaerobic Respiration
releasing of energy from food without
the use of OXYGEN

Glucose  Lactic Acid + Energy

What is lactic acid?
produced in muscle cells and red blood
cells. It forms when the body breaks down
carbohydrates to use for energy when
oxygen levels are low.

Lactic acid is poisonous.

Gas exchange at the alveoli
Mechanisms of breathing –
inspiration Intercostal
muscles pull ribs
up and out
When you breathe in:
intercostal muscles between
the ribs contract, pulling the
chest walls up and out
the diaphragm muscle
below the lungs contracts and
flattens, increasing the size of
the chest
Diaphragm
the lungs increase in size, contracts and
so the pressure inside them moves down
falls. This causes air to rush in
through the nose or mouth.
Mechanisms of breathing –
inspiration
Mechanisms of breathing –
expiration
When you breathe out:
Ribs move in
and down
Intercostal muscles between
the ribs relax so that the chest
walls move in and down.
The diaphragm muscle below
the lungs relaxes and bulges up,
reducing the size of the chest.
The lungs decrease in size, so
the pressure inside increases
Diaphragm and air is pushed up the trachea
relaxes and and out through the nose or
bulges up mouth.
Mechanisms of breathing –
expiration
Answer the following:

 Chapter 17
-page 67 Items number 1, 2 and 3 (a –ONLY)
- page 69 Item number 6 and Revision
Summary
Chapter 18
- page 71 Item number 1 ONLY
- page 73 Item number 5 and Revision Summary