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Atomic Mass
Take note:
The number of subatomic
particles is reflected in the
atomic number and atomic
mass.
Atomic Number
Serves as the identity of an atom
Given the symbol Z, it refers to the
number of protons in the nucleus of
each atom of an element.
In a neutral atom, the number of
protons is equal to the number of
electrons.
So, the atomic number indicates the
number of electrons in a neutral atom.
For example
The atomic number of Carbon
is 6. This means that each
neutral carbon atom has
6 protons and 6 electrons.
Atomic Mass
Given by the symbol A, is the total number
of neutrons and protons present in the
nucleus of an atom of an element.
All atomic nuclei contain both protons and
neutrons.
This makes an exception with hydrogen.
Hydrogen has one proton and no neutron.
For example
The atomic mass of Carbon
is 12. This means that each
neutral carbon atom has
6 protons and 6 neutrons.
1/14/2020
Formula
Atomic mass (A)
= # of protons + # of neutrons
Element
Z Symbol
Question
How do we
determine the
number of neutrons
from A and Z?
Isotopes
These are atoms that have the
same atomic number (Z), but
different in atomic masses (A).
Hydrogen
Question
How do A and Z
change when
isotopes form?
Sample Problem
How many protons,
neutrons, and electrons
are there in one atom of
Calcium?
15
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Isotopes are formed from nuclear reactions.
The reactions may involve the nucleus of a
particle which consists of the protons and
the neutrons.
However, there are reactions that involve
only the electrons which are outside the
nucleus.
These reactions are referred to as
CHEMICAL REACTION
During CR, the number of protons
remains the same in the atomic nucleus,
but the electrons may be lost by an atom
and gained by another.
The loss or gain of one or more electrons
leads to the formation of an atom with a
net positive or negative charge,
respectively.
IONS
POSITIVE
These charged atoms are
NEGATIVE
generally called
CATION ANION
Representation of Atomic mass
and number of an element
and charge
A
Z X q
Charge of an atom (q)
It is written as a superscript at
the right-hand side of the
chemical symbol.
A +1 or -1 charge is normally
written as just + or -,
respectively.
Formula of Charge (q)
q = # of protons –
# of electrons
For example
Neutral Potassium atom (3919K)
loses an electron to form
potassium ion.
Similarly, a neutral
magnesium atom (2412Mg) loses
two electrons to form its cation.