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Generation of C C V S

Review of the PAL Composite Video Signal


Starts with the RBG component signal.
Matrix creates color difference YUV signals.
Color Difference
Analog Composite
Composite Composite
Video (PAL)
Analog Video Analog Video (YUV)
(RGB)
R
U
G M
A V
B T
COMPOSITE
R
I
Y ENCODER
X
TIMING DETAILS OF C C V S
Sync and Burst Amplitude both should be 300mv.
COLOUR TRANSMISSION
SATELLITES

Presently to INSAT-2A (74oE) and


INSAT-2B (93.5oE) and INSAT 2E (83o
E). Down link frequency bands being
used are C-Band (3.7-4.2 GHz) and Ex-
C Band (4.5-4.8 Doordarshan is up
linking its national, and regional
services
TRANSMISSION OF BASE BAND
TO SATELLITE

The base band signal consists of video (5 MHz),


two audio subcarriers (5.5 MHz & 5.75 MHz)
and energy dispersal signal (25 Hz). After
modulation (70 MHz) and upconversion (6 GHz)
the carrier is amplified and uplinked through
Solid Parabolic Dish Antenna (PDA). Down link
signal can be received through same PDA using
Trans-Receive Filter (TRF) and Low Noise
Amplifier (LNA). After down conversion to 70
MHz, it is demodulated to get audio and video.
EARTH STATION UP
LINK/DOWN LINK
SATELLITE TRANSPONDER
Figure of Merit (G/Teq)

Down link Carrier to noise density of a


satellite down link signal is given as

 C    EIRP  G  Path loss  k


 N  sat
 o D Teq
where k is boltzman's constant (-228.6 dB/degree
Kelvin
Azimuth and Elevation

Both the azimuth and elevation of a dish can


be affected by three factors for geo-stationary
satellites. They are The longitude of the
satellite. The latitude of the place. The
longitude of the place.
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE

PARALLELS LATITUDE AS
OF LATITUDE ANGULAR DISTANCE
LONGITUDE
CALCULATION OF ANGLE OF
ELEVATION
 r 
 Cos D. Cos   
Elevation  tan 1  R

 1   Cos D. Cos   2 
 

Where

R = Radius of the earth (6367 kms)

R = Radius of Synchronous orbit (42,165 kms)

Ø = Latitude of the earth station

D = difference in longitude of the earth


station and the satellite. (r - s)
CALCULATION OF AZIMUTH

azimuth  180  tan


o 1  tan D 
 sin  
 where D = r - s in degrees.
 Ø= latitude of the given site in degrees.
 r = longitude of the given site in
degrees.
 s = longitude of the satellite.
POLARIZATION

LINEAR POLARIZATION
Vertical (v) b) horizontal (h)

Circular or Elliptical
Right hand circular (RHCP) b)
Left half circular (LHCP).
SYNTHESIZED TVRO SYSTEM
LOW NOISE BLOCK
CONVERTER
TVRO BLOCK DIAGRAM
V PA 1
EX-A 8
A Vrf O/P Diple
8 W
PA 1 xer
W A
V A CIBD
EX-B PA 1 Y
A Y C
S O AHU
PA 1
P M
CPU L B
PA 1
I I
T PA 1 N
T E

Ps1-Ps5
E PA 1
LCD R
R
Touch PA 1
Screen
Arf 1600w
3 dB 6dB PA 1 3 dB
input output 13dBm
Divider Divider
6dB PA 1
To Txr
Multiplexer Isolation
AVR 50KVA Driver A&B
TFR 50
PSU PSU PSU KVA
Driver A Driver B CPU CPU
EXITER
For Ch#5
175.25 MHz

-4 dbm VRF O/P


Video I/P Video + IF IF/RF
IF O/P 19 dbm
Processor Converter
1V PP 38.9 MHz
75Ω
For Ch#5
214.25 MHz

To Control Local
Interconnection Board
System Osc.
180.25 MHz
600Ω
+6dbm For Ch # 5
Audio1 Sound + IF -4dbm IF/RF ARF O/P
Audio2 Processor IF O/P Converter 13 dbm
33.4 MHz
AURAL MODULATOR
Representation of the side bands
in VSB transmission
Picture Carrier Sound Carrier

Part of L.S.B

U.S.B

-1.25 –0.75 0 5 5.5

Frequency MHz
RECEPTION OF VESTIGIAL SIDE
BAND SIGNALS
1600 W POWER AMPLIFIER

Pre-Amp Driver
T1
Hybrid
AB
3 10 W W
Gain Phase
2 dbm
I/P MHL MRF T8 T7 W 13 A 600 W I
20 W L
8118 182 A 10 W
K
Y T2
I
S N
Over Drive
Driver S
T1
Protection S O
P 13 A 600 W N 1600 W O/P
20 W C
L
O
Over Current I T2
M
Protection T B
T I
T1
E 13 A
N
600 W E
VSWR R 20 W
Protection
Preamp board R
Driver
PCB T2 Front panel
Safety Interface Board 3dB sample
3dB Divider
Combiner

PA PCB AGC VSWR


Drain 50 V 3.4 V biasing

DC Biasing & Distribution Board Combiner PCB


CONSTANT IMPEDENCE BAND
PASS DIPLEXER
OPF
ev STUB +2fs
(VP-P)

V in

ea ea 0o - fs - 2fs
(VP-P) 2
ev 0o
2
ev
A in (1) (2) (2') (1')
A )
BPF1
E
H1 H2
(4) (3) (4') Output
(3')
) BPF2 B
HF
ev & ea
R
ea -90o CIBD ev -90o
2 2
TRANSMITTING TOWER

Matchers for 12 Branch


Feeder Cables
Fine Tuning
Matchers for
Fine Tuning 1 to 12
L Meter
UPPER BAY
L + λ/4 Meter
2 to 24

Matchers for 12 Branch


Feeder Cables
Fine Tuning
Matchers for
Fine Tuning 1 to 12
L Meter
LOWER BAY
L + λ/4 Meter
2 to 24
TV DEMODULATORS

TV Demodulator (TVDM) is a precision monitoring


equipment for checking the quality of a TV
Transmitter in the VHF and UHF bands. It is similar
to a precision TV receiver in many respects. The
function of the TVDM is to recover the picture and
sound signals from the carrier output.
TV DEMODULATOR BLOACK
DIAGRAM
+12V

-12V 230V
Local Osc
PSU
AC
-55V
RFIN

Mixer Filter AMP

IFIN
LS
Inter Carrier Sound AF Out
AGC Processing Discriminator AMP

DEV

Video
ENV Output
Nyquist Filter Detector VID AMP

Synchronous
Detector Zero Ref
Pulse
Processor

Gating Pulse
Processor
SAMPLING AND QUANTIZATION

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