Presented by: Shazia Quazi

Guided by: Dr.Ashish Gupta

Dr.Dinesh
 Embryonic cavity is lined by stratified
squamous epithelium
 6th week of IUL profileration of maxillary and
mandibular arch forms horse shoe shaped
band dental lamina
 Decidous teeth develop : direct proliferation of
dental lamina
 Permanent molars develop : distal proliferation
of dental lamina
 Permanent teeth develop: lingual extension of
dental lamina
 Enamel organ: knob like structures of ectoderm
growing into mesenchymea that develop into
decidous tooth.
 Stages of enamel organ: Bud, Cap, Bell
 Enamel organ resembles small bud
 Peripheral low columnar cells and centerally
located polygonal cells
 Prolferation of mesenchymal cell result in
condensation in two areas
 Dental papilla :immediatialy below enamel
organ. Forms dentin and pulp
 Dental sac : ectomesenchymal, surrounds tooth
bud and dental papilla. Forms cementum and
periodontal ligament
 Enamel organ : cap shaped( shallow
invagination on under surface)
 Outer enamel epithelium: covering convexity,
cuboidal
 Inner enamel epithelium: lining concavity, tall
columnar
 Central area: polygonl cells,forms a cellular
network called stellate reticulum
 Dental papilla and dental sac become
pronounced
 Enamel organ: uneven growth reults in bell form
 Inner enamel epithelium : cells differentiate inta tall columnar cells called
Ameloblasts
 Ameloblast lay down enamel
 Stratum intermedium: layer of flat squamous cells between inner enamel
epihelium and stellate reticulum
 Stellate reticulum expands further due to continous accumulation of intra
cellular fluid
 Cells here are star shaped, having large processes that anastamose with
adjacent cell
 When enamel is laid stratum reticulum reduces to narrow zone
 Peripheral cells of dental papilla differentiate into odontoblast which
form dentin.
 Dental sac exhibit a circular arrangment of fibers resembeling capsule
which form peridontal fibers
 Root development begins after dentin and
enamel formation reaches future cemento
enamel junctin
 Hertwigs epithelial’s root sheath: a sheath
fomed by joining of outer and inner enamel
epithelium
 Pre-dental period
 The decidous dentition period
 The mixed dentition period
 The permanent dentitin period
 Last 6 months
 Pink, fibrous periosteum
 Horse shoe shaped—two parts
 a) labio buccal portion b) lingual portion
 Dental grooves: seperate the two parts
 Transverse groove: divide gum pds into ten
segment each developing into decidous tooth sac
 Lateral sulci: sulcus between canine and first
decidous molar
 Gingival groove: separate gum pad from floor of
mouth and palate
 6wks to 2 ½ to 3 ½ yrs
 Sequence A-B-D-C-E
 Variation of 3 months of mean age
 Physiological spaces/primate spaces/simian
spaces/anthropoid spaces: mesial to maxillary
canine ,distal to mandibular canine
 Flush terminal: distal surface of the upper and
lower second decidous molar are in same plane
 Deep bite: decidous incisor are more upright than
permanent., reduced due to- eruption of decidous
molar, attrition of incisors, forward movement of
mandible due to growth
 6yrs of age with eruption of first permanent
molar
 Sequence:
 First transitional phase:
- Eruption of first molar, exchange of deciduous
incisors with permanent incisors.
- First permanent molar eruption is guided by
distal of surface of second deciduous molar
Relationship of second deciduous molar:
a)FLUSH TERMINAL PLANE:
 Upper and lower molar are in one vertical
plane
 Early shift: for class I relationship of erupting
permanent molar the lower deciduous molar
has to move forward by 3-5mm related to the
upper deciduous molar using primate space.
Occurs in early mixed dentition period.
 Late shift: when no primate space are available.
On exfoliation of the second deciduous molar
first permanent molar makes a mesial drift
utilizing leeway space of Nance. Occurs in late
mixed dentiotion period.
 MESIAL STEP TERMINAL PLANE:
-Distal surface of second decidous molar is more
mesial to upper
-The permanent molars erupt directly into Angles
class I occlusion.
 DISTAL STEP TERMINAL PLANE:
-Distal surface of lower second deciduous molar
is more distal to upper
-Erupting permanent molar may erupt in Angles
class II occlusion
 Incisal liability:
- Decidous incisor are replaced by permanent
incisors
- Permanent incisors are larger than deciduous
incisor this discrepancy is called incisal libaility
- maxillary arch: 7mm, mandibular arch: 5mm
- Incisal libility is overcome by: utilising
physiological space, as there is an increase in
inter canine width in arches, with eruption of
more labially inclined permanent incisors.
 Stable and no changes
 Replacement of deciduous molars and canine
by premolar and permanent cuspid
 Leeway space of Nance: mesiodistal widt of
permanent canine and premolar is less than
decidous canine and molars
 Maxillary arch-1.8mm, mandibular arch-3.4mm
 Used to establish class I molar relation.
UGLY DUCKLING
STAGE:
 Transiant or self
correcting, 8-9 yrs of
age
 Erupting canine
displace the root of
lateral incisors and
cental incisors mesially,
resulting in parting of
central incisors causing
mid line spacing
Eruption sequence:
Maxillary arch 6-1-2-4-3-5-7 or 6-1-2-3-4-5-7
Mandibular arch 6-1-2-3-4-5-7 or 6-1-2-4-3-5-7