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The document discusses various types of marine surveys carried out on new and existing ships. It describes the different types of surveys such as classification surveys, owner surveys, docking surveys, and in-water surveys. It provides details on the survey intervals, typical scope of each survey, and items checked during surveys of hull, machinery, equipment and sea trials for new ships. It also discusses common types of ship damage caused by overload, design errors, poor workmanship, and corrosion, and the repair procedures.
The document discusses various types of marine surveys carried out on new and existing ships. It describes the different types of surveys such as classification surveys, owner surveys, docking surveys, and in-water surveys. It provides details on the survey intervals, typical scope of each survey, and items checked during surveys of hull, machinery, equipment and sea trials for new ships. It also discusses common types of ship damage caused by overload, design errors, poor workmanship, and corrosion, and the repair procedures.
The document discusses various types of marine surveys carried out on new and existing ships. It describes the different types of surveys such as classification surveys, owner surveys, docking surveys, and in-water surveys. It provides details on the survey intervals, typical scope of each survey, and items checked during surveys of hull, machinery, equipment and sea trials for new ships. It also discusses common types of ship damage caused by overload, design errors, poor workmanship, and corrosion, and the repair procedures.
EXCISTING SHIP PPNS - D.IV – ME.SM6 By Zainul Arifin Marine survey types Surveys carried out by: . Classification surveyor • Owner surveyor • Insurance surveyor • Ship yard surveyor • Flag authority New Construction • Plan approval • Welding, procedure, welder and welding machine. • Engine certification, engine installation and testing on board • Sea trial Existing • Periodical Annual Survey AS • Intermediate Survey ITSS or ITMS (ESP vessels) • Special Survey SS • Continuous Surveys (CSM), Engine Survey • Docking Survey DS • In water Survey IWS • Damage and repair Survey • Statutory survey Survey interval and Scope of survey • Annual Survey; annually; Hull, machinery and equipment as per annual check list. • Intermediate Survey; between the second and third year, can coincide with a DS/ IWS or one of AS; All aspects of the ship. • Special Survey; every 5 years must coincide with AS and DS; All aspect of the ship. Classification requirements • Class automatically suspended if certificate not endorsed within 3 months of the due date of the annual or intermediate survey. • Certificate expires on the due date of SS but may be extended not more than 3 months beyond the validity of this certificate. • Prior to the endorsement of the certificate, all overdue hull and machinery survey should be dealt with or postponed by agreement. Survey interval and scope of survey • Docking Survey; twice within a 5 years period with no more than 3 years between surveys. A docking survey needs to coincide with SS when it falls due; items as per DS check list. • In Water Survey; between the second and third year to replace alternate DS, Can coincide with ITSS or one of the AS; All parts of the ship below the waterline. Scope of Docking Survey • Tail shaft and propeller Tail shaft clearance, Engine aft lignum vitae 5-7 Engine mid-ship lignum vitae 6-8 mm Synthetic white metal < 2mm . Tightness of seals. Propellers - Solid propellers, deformation, cavitations damage, fracture. - Controllable pitch propellers, tightness of hub, blades (deformation, cavitations and fracture) Scope of Docking Survey Stern frame and Rudder Stern frame, Rudder horn, sole piece and “A” bracket Rudder, Pintle clearances max 5 + 0,002D mm. Rudder stock clearances max 5 + 0,002D mm Condition of the bearings. Locking arrangement of the nut and the pintle. • Preparing propeller shaft and tail shaft for proper fit on tapered end of the propeller shaft prior to installation on board Tail shaft/ Screw shaft survey • Tail shaft yang memenuhi persyaratan berikut boleh disurvey dg interval 5 tahun sekali: 1. Keyed propeller shaft yang dilapisi continues liner dan dilengkapi dengan approved oil gland atau approved bahan tahan karat. 2. Keyless propeller shaft yang dilengkapi dengan approved oil gland atau approved bahan tahan karat. SPS-Steam pipe survey • Saturatet steam pipes atau superheated steam pipes dengan suhu keluar dari superheater <450*C, akan disurvey lagi 10 tahun setelah pemeriksaan pertama (inital survey), setelah itu setiap 5 tahun. • Sedang pipa2 tsb. Yg dengan suhu >450*C diperiksa setelah 5 tahun setelah initial dan seterusnya. • Pipa tembaga, tembaga campuran (copper, copper alloys) diperiksa setelah 10 tahun sejak initial dan kemudian setiap 5tahun. • Pipa2 dengan diameter >76 mm untuk keperluan yg essential harus dilakukan hydraulic test 2X tekanan kerjanya. Bending pipes (bengkokan) pipa expansi dan posisi yg sering bergetar, harus dilakukan annealling (heat treatment) Scope pemeriksaan pipa2 uap baja. • Beberapa potongan pipa dilepas utk diperiksa bagian dalam dan tested 1,5 X tek. kerja. a. steam pipes diam. >76mm b. pipes berfungsi essential ketika berlayar. c. Pipes with bolted join. Setelah testing flange di hard-stamped:l dan initial surveyor, tanggal dan tekanan test. Pipes a & b, tapi dilas, isolasi dibuka dan welded part diperikasa, kalau perlu dengan MPI. TOHS-Thermal Oil Heater Survey. • Umumnya dilakukan external survey saja, sedang internal bila dipandang perlu. • Coil, suport & hangers diperiksa dgn teliti. TOH inspected in normal working condition, burning equipment & safety diperiksa. • Relief valve ditest dengan cara menurunkan setting katup pengaman sampai bekerja dan setting dikembalikan lagi. • Setelah 10 tahun relief valve ditest di workshop dan disaksikan surveyor. SGS-Steam Generator Survey Semua ketel uap, ( main, auxiliary, donkey), economizers, steam receivers, dan ketel uap yang non essencial yang bertekanan diatas 3,4 bar dan surface heated area >4,65 m2 harus diperiksa luar dalam setiap 2,5 tahun sekali. Diperiksa luarnya saja setiap AS. Pemeriksaan 2.5 th. Dilakukan 2 tahap. Tahap pertama. Internal Inspection. Semua mountings, fittings, man hole, hand hole Sisi air dan sisi api dibuka, dibersihkan dan diperiksa Safety valves, seluruh valves, steam valves, blow Down, pengisian, dibuka dan diperiksa. Bila ada yg meragukan penipisan, deformasi, hydraulic test 1-1,3 design working pressure dilakukan. Hydraulic pressure dilakukan dng air tawar dan tidak boleh ada air pocket, atau memakai kombinasi air dengan udara. Setelah repair yg berarti, H.Test harus dilakukan. Safety valves, seluruh valves, steam valves, blow Down, pengisian, dibuka dan diperiksa. Bila ada yg meragukan penipisan, deformasi, hydraulic test 1-1,3 design working pressure dilakukan. Hydraulic pressure dilakukan dng air tawar dan tidak boleh ada air pocket, atau memakai kombinasi air dengan udara. Setelah repair yg berarti, H.Test harus dilakukan. Tahap kedua, Pemeriksaan dalam keadaan bekerja normal dan safety valves tested. Semua alat pengontrol diperiksa: gelas penduga, flame failure alarm, FD fan stop, LWL, HWL, dst. Safety valve tidak boleh melebihi max. design working pressure/ design discharge capacities. ( <1,03 design pressure) Boiler yang punya lebih dari 1 savety valves, sebaiknya penyetelannya berbeda. Items Sea trial • First start arrangement • Steering gear test 30P-35S dan sebaliknya. • Zig Zag test 15P-30S-30P-15S. • Turning test 35P-35S. • Crash stop ahead and astern stop test. • Speed trial 25, 50, 75, 85 and 100% • Endurance ME test 100% selama min. 4 jam • Crank shaft deflecion • Cyl. Liner check subject to agreement bet. Maker and Owners 1. Davits dan falls. - Seluruh bagian yg bergerak harus diberi pelumas dan free - Tidak ada karat, knife edges, crack or hole. - Correctly mark. - Winches and brakes dalam kondisi baik dan dirawat. - Cut-out switches dirawat dengan baik - Fall wires dirawat sesuai ketentuan SOLAS - Securing devices dan terminations dirawat dengan baik. - Tricing pendant dan man ropes dirawat dengan betul and rigged (as applicable) 2. Bowsing tackles (if applicable) properly terpasang dan siap utk dipakai. 3. Embarkation arrangements. - Adequate lighting, emergency lighting, signs, ect. - Embarkation ladder and securing arrangements dalam keadaan baik dan panjang yang cukup. - Applicable launching instructions terpampang jelas. 1. Direkomendasikan bahwa decks di embarkation area harus cat dengan ‘non-skid coating’ 2. Launching arrangement harus dicheck setiap tahun oleh fabrik atau orang yang certified by manufacture. Engine. - Siap utk dihidupkan, - Battery charger connected dan terawat. - Batteries tested atau starting arrangement lain - Exhaust protected (insulated). - Bahan bakar cukup dan tidak ada kebocoran. Umum. Rudder dan stock, hook release, break terawat baik. Types of Damage ditinjau dari sebab2 nya • Overload, dikarenakan grounding, collosion, contact dg tug boat atau dermaga, operational overload ( poor loading sequence, rate of loading terlalu tinggi, macam2 ballast level selama loading. Cuaca yg buruk juga penyebab overload damage khususnya di bagian ujung depan kapal. Repair dilaksanakan sesuai dg design awal, kecuali bila disebabkan karena heavy/ bad weather dan structure memerlukan penguat tambahan. Type of damage • Kesalahan Design. Bisa disebabkan beban sesungguhnya tidak diketahui, design toleransi telah dilampaui, standard tidak dipatuhi dan ada yg tidak memenuhi syarat pada design awal. Bila design tidak sesuai dg IACS standard, repair hrs dilaksanakan dg me review. Design awal agar juga di perbaiki. Type of damage • Poor workmanship, penyebabnya adalah antara lain penggunaan sub-standard material misalignment, poor welding, poor finishing and internal deformations. Repair dilakukan dg memperbaiki defect sesuai dengan prosedur umum, welding, alignment. Type of damage • Pitting, umumnya disebabkan oleh corrision, bisa local dan bisa merata dan dalam. Bila local pitting dan kedalaman kurang dari 50% original thickness, pengisian dg repair bisa dilakukan dg epoxy compound, atau di las dg persyaratan ketebalan sisa >6mm. Pengelasan boleh dilakukan dg syarat: weld preparation biasanya dg grinda, Electrode yg dipakai harus low hydrogen & >4 runs tiap pit. Corrosion Progesive of corrosion. Begitu karat pertama kali timbul itu akan menjadi semakin memburuk bila coating/cat kondisi tidak baik, beban structure terlalu besar dan ada kelembaban tinggi dan panas sekitarnya. “More corrosion leads to more stress, more stress to more corrision” Mengurangi stress dan berkembang corrosion dg cara: recoating, tambah ketebalan, perbesar radius opening and closing opening. PEMBENTUKAN MATERIAL • UMUMNYA MENGGUNAKAN ROLL UTK 2 DEMENSI DAN MENGGUNAKAN PROSES LINE/SPOT HEATING UTK 3 DEMENSI. • LINE/SPOT HEATING - FIRING • LEMBAR PELAT DIPANASI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN GAS TORCH PADA BEBERAPA TITIKNYA DAN KEMUDIAN DISPRAY DENGAN AIR. • PANAS UMUMNYA TIDAK BOLEH MELEBIHI 500 - 600 C PADA SAAT DISIRAM AIR (SPOT YANG DIPANASI HINGGA BERWARNA MERAH, DITUNGGU SAMPAI BERWARNA HITAM SEBELUM DISIRAM). • PASTIKAN PELAKSANA DILENGKAPI DENGAN ALAT PENGUKUR PANAS. • OVERHEATING AKAN MENYEBABKAN KERUSAKAN PADA PROPERTI MATERIAL ( MECANICAL OR CHEMICAL ). Tolong dicopy untuk Ibu Septa dosen PPNS D4, Slides dibawah ini. HP.081235079997. (10 lembar) Jazakillahu khoir Riska. Cause of the damages due to stress concentration HARD SPOTS. In general, a hard spot can be defined as a point or area where there is an abrupt change of rigidity A hard spot or hard area can be defined as one of two things: - Any point or area which is rigid in a flexible or less rigid structure. - A point or area where the deflection curve of a plate is abruptly interrupted by the effect of a very rigid member supporting the plate Repair agar damage tidak terulang lagi: Ketiga repair untuk menghindari damage akibat Stress concentration terkadang menimbulkan masalah, misalkan bracket yg besar akan sangat mengganggu aktifitas pekerja diatas deck, pemasangan triping bracket dibawah deck sulit dilaksanakan karena adanya jaringan pipa, sehingga untuk jumlah yg terbatas kita bisa menambahkan doubler diujung bawah bracket. The End