Welcome To Demand Flow

Technology Workshop

Principles of Lean Manufacturing

 Objectives
 Develop the knowledge of what the
philosophies and techniques are and why
they are important
 Total picture of the the demand flow
technology business strategy
 Understand and establish how to perform the
techniques and skills learned
 Exercises and feedback
 Technical information and examples
 Cycle Time
One of the most noteworthy
accomplishments in keeping the price of
Ford products low is the gradual
shortening of the production cycle. The
longer an article is in the process of
manufacture and the more it is moved
about, the greater is its ultimate cost.
WHAT IS DFT ANYWAY?
 Lean Is Market Driven
Every morning in Africa, a gazelle wakes up. It
knows it must run faster than the fastest lion
or it will be killed. Every morning a lion wakes
up. It knows it must outrun the slowest
gazelle or it will starve to death.

It doesn’t matter whether you are a lion or a

gazelle – when the sun comes up, you had
better be running.
 Defining DFT
DFT has been defined in many different
ways:
A systematic approach to identifying
and eliminating waste (non-value-
added-activities) through continuous
improvement by flowing the product at
the pull of the customer in pursuit of
perfection.
 Defining DFT
A manufacturing technology that focuses
an aggressive flow process that seeks
to eliminate or minimize non-value
added work in the production process
while emphasizing quality throughout
the process.
 Primary Objective
to build a HIGH QUALITY product in the
SHORTEST PRODUCTION time and at
the LOWEST POSSIBLE COST
 What are the advantages of DFT
 People – the number of people needed
to produce the daily rate is calculated
daily
 Processes and quality checks are
documented (A.I., OMS & SOE’s)
 Quality built into the product
 Kanban
 Less material in WIP and RIP
 What are the advantages of DFT
 Component kanban – two-bin system
 NVA work is minimized or eliminated
 Processes are in a constant continuous
improvement state
 Speed-to-market
 Next day
 Customer Responsiveness
 Cost Distribution
 Labor – 10%
 Pay Cut
 Layoff
 Work Harder
 Overhead – 20%
 Benefits
20%

 Utilities
10%
 Training & Education 70%

 Material – 70%
 Eliminate Scrap
 Eliminate Inventory
 Demand Flow Business Strategy
 Cost to the Company
Defect Found At …..
 Station 1
 One-Down Operation
 Out-of-Box
 FG’s
 Customer
Traditional Mfg. Vs. Demand Flow Mfg.
 Scheduling techniques  Mathematical
 Fabrication &
technology
subassembly  Mixed-model flow
production process
 Flow line design
 Departmental build
 Build the product in total
 Schedule, queue and work content time or
batch work time less
 Material movement  Minimum material
 External Inspection movement
 TQC & verify
 Product Synchronization
A relationship of the processes in a flow to
produce a product.
 Product Synch
Teams

DFT Activity Sheet Transports MP-3 Stacker-2 Depositor Key/edplt MMD Divert Divert-Tran PPM IDM CASSETTE Bins Prt-A

Develop DFT Implementation Sch. X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Train Personal in DFT Concept X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Develop Product Sync X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Establish Takt X X X x X X X X X
Completed SOE'S ( Timing) X X X X X X X X X X X X
Develop Oms's X X X X X
Balance Line X X X X X X X X X
Set IPK's x X X X X X X X X
Calculate OPR & Manning X X X X X X X X X
Trained and Certify Operatios X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Perform Pull Sequence Audit X X X X X X X X X
Wet Line X X X X X X X X X X X X X
TPCt X X X X X X X X X
Flow Rate X X X X X X X X X
Teams Attacking TPCt X X X X X X X X X
 Process Mapping
Matrix of products across the top and
processes along the side
Process Mapping Build Base MMD Team MP-B,C Divert line Trans/Div TQC MMD is Ship to
Place on pushes cart place dual place Div is place on checks TQC'd for finish goods
cart to MP-B,C Picker on on top of top of Div. are done wiring Unit
line cart to Picker, tightens on all is tested
Divert Line tightens latches, & modules recorded
MMD latches& add belt. CCA brd on test log
Module add belt. Cart is is added
Cart pushed pushed to wire are
to Trans/Div MMD line routed &
line log is
filled out.
00100264F14A * * * * * * *
00100264F24B * * * * * *
00100264F24A * * * * *
00102716F14A * * * * * * *
00102716F14B * * * * * * *
00102170F14A * * * * * *
00101070F14D * * * * * *
00101070F13A * * * * * *
00101070F24A * * * * * *
00101070F21A * * * * * *
00101070F21B * * * * *
 Sequence of Events
Defines quality criteria against each work
element, value-added steps and time
estimates.
 SOE
Part Number: 49-006633-000D SEQUENCE of EVENTS Date: 3/9/01
SEQ Task Description VA SET-UP MACHINE LABOR MOVE TQC INFORMATION
# M L M L
Station 1
10 Position floor brace into T-22586. * 0:02
20 Place floor in T-22586 (on top of Floor * 0:04 Verify- The minimum/maximum floor
Brace). width from end to end at the bend line
30 Insert rivets into 4 holes. Seat the rivets * 0:26 using T-28598, at least 1 per hour.
by using the trigger on the gun. Verify- 4 Studs are present on floor
40 Insert the stand-offs into the tool. Place * 0:30 assembly.
into the tool. Apply Loctite onto the Verify- Rivets are flush and floor brace
screws and secure to stand-offs. is tight.
Remove floor from tool.
50 Prepare surface of floor by cleaning the * 0:07
spring mounting area with alcohol and
water solution. Verify- The surface is thoroughly dry
60 Repeat steps 1 through 5 for second 1:09 before preceeding.
floor.

Total time for station = 2:18

 Operational Method Sheet
(OMS)
A “colored” graphic representation of
quality criteria and work content
defined by the S.O.E. to be performed
at an operation
Work Content
TQC – check someone else work
Verify – check your own work
 Demand at Capacity - Dc
The highest targeted volume output of
products that is planned to be achieved
by a demand flow manufacturing
process
 Dc
Dc = Pv
Wd

400 units per month

100 units per month
20 days = 20 days =
5 units/day 20 units/day

Dc = Designed Daily Rate

He = Effective Work Hours
S = Shifts per day
Total Product Cycle Time (TPCT)
The calculated work content through the
longest path of the processes required
to build a product

Money Picker (6633D) = 30 min/prs 0.5

Stacker (7835H) = 42 min/prs 0.7
Transport (7836B) = 23min/prs 0.383
Printer (1670A) = 40 min/prs 0.66
 TAKT
The calculated target of work content time
to be performed independently by a
person or machine in a demand flow
line
 TAKT Conversion
100’s or Minutes
 7.66/5 = 1.532 hr/unit (IDM)
92 min/unit

7.66/20 = 0.383 hr/unit (R/L transport)

23 min/unit

 7.66/111 = 0.069 (Picker)

4.14 min/unit
 Stations
Money Picker

Actual Time 30 minutes assembly time

TAKT Time 4.14 TAKT
= 7.24
= 7 stations
 Resources
Resources can be:
Operations – labor
Machines
Pieces – batch equipment
People - flexible
 Flexible Employees
 Employees in a DFT line have a
minimum flexibility of three operations:
 Primary

 One up-stream
 One down-stream
 People (Dr)
Resources are Dc x L
calculated daily to HxS
determine the Money picker
requirement to
produce the daily 50 x .50
rate (8) X (1)
=3.125
3 people
 Line Balancing Tools
Tools used when actual time at an operation
exceed TAKT

 Relocate work
 Reduce or eliminate non-value added work
content
 Add resources or duplicate resources
 Move inventory and time (Kanban)
 Certification
 Meet TAKT
 Train others
 Meet quality criteria
 Flex
In-Process Kanban (IPK)
A visual signal that identifies when work
needs to be performed in a line
 Kanban Card
A card used as a communications signal
to pull material based on demand
 Pull Sequence
Every part that is kanban pulled must
have a definable path that identifies the
supply and consumption points
(e.g Line, Rip, Wip, FG’s)
 Mixed Model Line
A primary goal of demand flow manufacturing is
to design flow lines to produce families of
similar products. The mixed model line has
the ability to build a range of volumes of any
product, any day, based on the direction of
actual customer demand.
 Backflush
The method used to relieve RIP (Raw in
Process) inventory of a product’s bill of
material quantity when a product is
complete
 Communication Lights
Management Light – A light that can be
seen from a wide area to identify if
action needs to be taken on the line
e.g Andon
 Measuring Linearity
Example: during a nine-day period the production
rate is (4) per day:
4+4+4+4+4+4+4+4+4=36

Actual production was:

3+4+5+3+4+5+3+4+5=36

Traditionally we would say this is o.k.

Actually the sum of the total deviation is 6 or 84%

Suggested Goal = 90%

 Formula Recap
Da ily Ca pa city
Dc Pv
Wd

Pe ople Dr x L
H x S

TAKT H x S
Dc

Sta tions Actual Time

TAKT
QUESTIONS???