Lecture 9

TURBINE VELOCITY TRIANGLES

CED, CECOS University, Peshawar

1.1
V- Triangles at Inlet and Outlet

u = velocity of blade
V1 = Jet velocity at the Inlet
α1 = Inlet nozzle angle
Vr1 = Relative Velocity at Inlet
Β1 = Blade angle at Inlet
Vw1 = Velocity of Whirl
Vf1 = Velocity of flow
K = Friction of Blade

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How to draw velocity triangles at inlet and outlet for
Impulse & Reaction Turbine

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How to draw velocity triangles at inlet and outlet for
Impulse & Reaction Turbine

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How to draw velocity triangles at inlet and outlet for
Impulse & Reaction Turbine

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How to draw velocity triangles at inlet and outlet for
Impulse & Reaction Turbine

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How to draw velocity triangles at inlet and outlet for
Impulse & Reaction Turbine

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V- Triangles at Inlet and Outlet
u = velocity of blade
V1 = Jet velocity at the Inlet
α1 = Inlet nozzle angle
Vr1 = Relative Velocity at Inlet
Β1 = Blade angle at Inlet
Vw1 = Velocity of Whirl
Vf1 = Velocity of flow

Note: In some books α1 = α , β1

= θ & α2 = β, β2 = φ

Note: If the vane is smooth then

Vr1 = Vr2, and K = 1
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Note: Vw2 may be
positive or negative.
»If ‘u2’ is greater than
Vr2cosine(β2), then
value of Vw2 is positive
& vice versa

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V- Triangle at Inlet for Impulse Turbine

For Impulse Turbine

α1 & β1 = 0º

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Impulse Turbine

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Example 1.17

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Example 1.17

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 Important Points
• It is necessary that the shape of the vane is known prior to initiating
velocity triangles
• Scale is important for drawing the velocity triangles
• While drawing inlet triangle, first draw ‘u’ to the scale, then ‘V1’ at the
mentioned angle ‘α1’ to the scale
• Now join tip of ‘u’ with the tip of ‘V1’ to get ‘Vr1’ and angle ‘β1’, then
obtain the ‘Vw1’ and ‘Vf1’. The Inlet triangle is complete
• Now draw the half vane in such a way that ‘Vr1’ is tangent to the inlet tip

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 Important Points
• Now decide the other half shape of the vane (outlet)
• At the outlet tip the shape of vane should be adjusted such that ‘Vr2’ is
tangential to the outlet tip of the vane
• Draw ‘u’ to the scale, and join tip of ‘u’ with the tail of ‘Vr2’ to get ‘V2’
• Now complete the outlet velocity triangle

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Force on Vane or Blade

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Force on Vane or Blade

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 Numericals
EXAMPLE 29.14: A jet of water moving at 60 m/s is deflected by a vane moving at
25 m/s in a direction at 30º to the direction of the jet. The water leaves the blades
normally to the motion of the Vanes. Take the relative velocity at the outlet as 0.85
times that at the inlet.

• Draw inlet and outlet velocity triangles

• Find the vane angles
• Find work done and force exerted

Here β1 = θ and β2 = φ

Follow R. S. Khurmi book of

Fluid Mechanics
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 Numericals
EXAMPLE 29.15: A jet of water moving at 30 m/s impinges on a series of vanes
with velocity of 15 m/s. The jet makes an angle of 30º to the direction of motion of
vanes when entering and leaves at an angle of 120º.

• Draw inlet and outlet velocity triangles

• Find the vane angles
• Find work done and the force exerted

Here β1 = θ and β2 = φ

Follow R. S. Khurmi book of

Fluid Mechanics
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Specific Speed of Turbine

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Specific Speed of Turbine

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Design aspects of Pelton Wheel

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Design aspects of Pelton Wheel

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Solve problems on page 511 to 527
From R. S. Khurmi book of Fluid
Mechanics

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Assignment # 03

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Practice Numericals

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Practice Numericals

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Practice Numericals

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Practice Numericals

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THE END

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