SPSS TRAINING TO HME STUDENTS

APRIL 7-11, 2008

FESSAHAYE ALEMSEGED (MD, MPHE)

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 OBJECTIVES
• Enable students to use SPSS for data
management
– Make a template
– Enter data
– Analyze data
– Present data
 CONTENTS (1)
Day 1 –Monday
Morning
I. Introduction
II. Creating template in SPSS
III. Data entry and editing in SPSS
IV. Importing data to SPSS
Afternoon
Practice Exercises
Group assignment

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 CONTENTS (2)
Day 2 – Tuesday
Morning
V. Data exploration
VI. Generating descriptive statistics using SPSS
VII. Producing graphical statistics using SPSS
Afternoon
VIII. Data and file transformation
 CONTENTS (3)
Day 3 – Wednesday
Morning
Practice exercises
Individual assignment
Afternoon
IX. Measuring relationship between two or more
variables in a sample using SPSS
 CONTENTS (4)
Day 4 – Thursday
Morning
Practice exercises
Afternoon
X. Performing statistical tests using SPSS
XI. SPSS command syntax

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 CONTENTS (5)
Day 5 – Friday
Morning
Study
Afternoon
Exam
I. INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS SPSS?
SPSS BASICS

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 WHAT IS SPSS?
• SPSS – Statistical Package for the Social
Sciences
• Statistical software for managing data
– Making a template – define variables
– Data entry – store observations
– Analysis – simple to complex
– Presentation – tabular and graphical presentation
– Programming language – syntax commands
 SPSS BASICS
• Operating SPSS
• SPSS windows
Operating SPSS
• Starting/Opening SPSS Session
• Getting Help on SPSS
• Ending SPSS Session

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 Operating SPSS (1)
Starting/opening SPSS session
• Select Programs from the Start menu
• Select SPSS 16.0 from the programs
• Click File menu and select
– Open (to open existing file) or
– New (to create a new database)

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 Operating SPSS (2)
Getting help on SPSS
• Locating Topics in the Help Menu
– Select Topics from the Help Menu
– Select the Contents tab
– This gives a set of books to look under for the
required information

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 Operating SPSS (3)
• Searching for Information in the Help Menu
– Select Topics from the Help menu
– Select the Index tab
– Type a word in the text box describing the
information to search for
– This gives a list of headings on the desired
information
 Operating SPSS (4)
Using SPSS Tutorial
• Procedure
– go to help menu
– Select tutorial
– Click topic of interest
– Use forward arrow to proceed to next sessions
 Operating SPSS (5)
Ending SPSS session
• Select Exit SPSS from the File menu or
• Click close button

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 SPSS Windows (1)
• 6 windows can be opened in SPSS
– Data editor
– Output navigator
– Pivot table editor
– Chart editor
– Text output editor
– Syntax editor

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 SPSS Windows (2)
Data Editor Window
• is a spreadsheet in which variables are
defined and data entered

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 SPSS Windows (3)
• Data Editor Window has two views
– Variable view – for defining variables
– Data view – for data entry
• The title bar displays the name of the open
data file or "Untitled" if the file has not yet
been saved
• This window opens automatically when SPSS
is started
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 SPSS Windows (4)
Output Navigator Window
• Displays the statistical results, tables, and
charts generated by performed analysis
• This window opens automatically when a
procedure that generates output is run
• In this window the results can be edited,
moved, deleted and copied to other
environment like Microsoft Windows
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SPSS Windows (4) - Output Navigator Window

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 SPSS Windows (5)
Pivot Table Editor Window
• Output displayed in pivot tables can be
modified in many ways with the Pivot Table
Editor
• You can edit text, swap data in rows and
columns, add colour, create multidimensional
tables, and selectively hide and show results

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SPSS Windows (6) - Pivot Table Editor Window
 SPSS Windows (7)
Chart Editor Window
• You can modify and save high-resolution
charts and plots by invoking the Chart Editor
for a certain chart (by double-clicking the
chart) in an Output Navigator window
• You can change the colours, select different
type fonts or sizes, switch the horizontal and
vertical axes, rotate 3-D scatter plots, and
change the chart type
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SPSS Windows (8) - Chart Editor Window
 SPSS Windows (9)
Text Output Editor Window
• Text output not displayed in pivot tables can
be modified with the Text Output Editor. You
can edit the output and change font
characteristics (type, style, colour, size)

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 SPSS Windows (10)
Syntax Editor Window
• A command can be written in this window to
order SPSS to perform a certain task
• A command can also pasted from a dialogue
box
• A command can then be selected and
run/executed to perform desired task

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SPSS Windows (10) – Syntax Editor Window
II. CREATING A TEMPLATE IN
SPSS

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 Steps in creating a template (1)
1. Open data editor window
2. Click variable view
3. Define variables
3.1. Describe variable name in the fields/cells under
“Name” column
– To write/change the name, place the cursor in this field
and type the name
– The variable name must begin with a letter of the
alphabet and cannot exceed 12 characters
– Spaces are not allowed within the variable name
– Each variable name must be unique

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 Steps in creating a template (2)
3.2. Describe variable types in the fields under
the column title “type”
– To write/change this field, click on the field and
then on the … button
– This will open the variable type box
– Select the appropriate type of data
– When done, click on the OK button

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 Steps in creating a template (3)
3.5. Label - a description/name for the variable
that can be up to 120 characters
• long and can include spaces (which variable
names cannot)
• If a variable label is entered, the label will be
printed on charts and reports instead of the
name, making them easier to understand

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 Steps in creating a template (4)
3.6. Value - provide numeric code for
categorical variable
– Click on the field, then click on the… button
– This will open the Value Labels box
– Enter the codes and corresponding values to be
represented by the codes
– When done, click on the OK button

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 Steps in creating a template (5)
3.7. Missing Values - this field indicates which
subset of the data will not be included in the
data set
– To change this field, click on the Missing Values…
button
– This will open the Define Missing Values: dialog
box
– Enter the appropriate information into the fields
– When done, click on the OK button
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 Steps in creating a template (6)
3.8. Column – this field indicates the column
width
– Click on the field then click on the downward or
upward arrow to decrease or increase column
width
3.9. Alignment - this field indicates column
alignment
– Click on the field then click the downward arrow
to select alignment
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 Steps in creating a template (7)
3.10. Measure – scale, nominal or ordinal depending
on the values which can be assumed by the variable
4. Saving the template
– Select Save from the File menu. The Save Data As dialog
box opens.
– From the Save as Type drop-down list, select SPSS (*.sav).
– From the Save in drop-down list, select the path where the
file will be saved.
– In the File name box, enter a name for the file. SPSS
automatically adds the extension .sav.
– Click Save
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 Group Assignment
• Making a template in SPSS using part of a
questionnaire given below
• Questions about sociodemographic characteristics of
caregiver
– Instruction to interviewer: Q 201 could be asked
to the head of the household or any available
household member. All other subsequent
questions should be forwarded directly to the
caregiver.

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Q.No. Question Responses Code

201 Who is the primary caregiver for children? Name_______________________

Interviewer: ask the head of the household or other
available member of the household.

202 What is the relationship of the primary caregiver with the Mother ……………….…………..1
child/children? Father ……………….…………...2
Grand mother……………………..3
Sister……………………………...4
Other (specify)_________________

203 Age In years _________

DK……………………… ……….98

204 Sex Male………………………………1

Female……………………………2

205 Marital status Married ………………………….1

Single ……………………………2
Widowed…………………………3
Divorced…………………………4

206 Religion Muslim ………………………….1

Orthodox………………………..2
Protestant……………………….3
Catholic…………………………4
Others (specify)____________

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207 Ethnicity Oromo…………………………..1
Amhara…………………………2
Keffa……………………………3
Dawro.........................................4
Gurage………………………….5
Yem…………………………….6
Tigre…………………………….7
Others [specify]_________
208 Educational status Unable to read and write…………1
Able to read and write but no formal
education…………………………2
If formaly educated was the last grade
completed? _________grade
209 Occupation Farmer……………………………1
House wife……………………….2
Merchant…………………………3
Government employee…………..4
Housemaid……………………….5
Others (specify)_________
210 What is the monthly income of the family? Cash (in Birr)_______

211 Annual harvest of each crop (ask number of quintal of Maize___________

cereals produced in a year ) Teff_____________
Coffee__________
Others (specify)______________

212 Length of stay in the kebele _____________

213 How many persons live in this household? _____________

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III. DATA ENTRY AND EDITING

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 Data Entry (1)
• Once all of the variables are defined, data is
entered manually
• Click data view, a spreadsheet for data entry
will appear
• Each row corresponds to a case while each
column represents a variable
– the variable names will appear at the top of each
column

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 Data Entry (2)
• Type the value of each observation
(corresponding to each case and variable) into
the spreadsheet one cell at a time
• When data is typed into a cell, it appears in
the edit area at the top of the window
• The mouse and the tab, enter, and cursor keys
can be used to enter data

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 Data Entry (2)
• Exercise
– Practice data entry using the given data
 Editing data
Modifying or correcting errors
• Explore the data for completeness,
consistency, errors
• Find incomplete, inconsistent or odd values
– Edit menu, find command, type the value
IV. IMPORTING DATA SET

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 IMPORTING DATA SET (1)
• SPSS is designed to handle a wide variety of
formats including
– spreadsheet files created Excel
– database files created with dBASE
– others

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 IMPORTING DATA SET (2)
Reading Excel Spreadsheet Files
1. From the File menu, select Open. This will open
the Open File dialog box
2. Select Excel(*.xls) from the Files of type box
3. Change the path name to the directory where
the file is located
4. Select the file and Click Open
– This will open the Opening Excel Data Source
dialog box
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 IMPORTING DATA SET (3)
5. Check on the ‘read variable names from the
first row of data box’. Click OK.
• If only a partial file is to be read into SPSS,
in the Range box, specify the beginning
column letter and row number followed by
a colon followed by the ending column letter
and row number. I.e. A1:C12

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 IMPORTING DATA SET (2)
• Exercise
– Import the data in Epi Info having file name
‘C:\Epi_Info\obstetrics.MDB:viewprenatal’ to
SPSS

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