COMPUTER

SYSTEM,
DEVICES, AND
PERIPHERALS
 Operating System
• the most important program runs in a
computer
• perform basic tasks, such as
recognizing input from the keyboard,
sending output to the display screen,
keeping track of files and directories
on the disk, and controlling peripheral
devices such as disk drives and printer.
• “responsible” for security
Classification
of Operating
System
 Multi- user
Allows two or more users to run
programs at the same time. Some
operating system permit hundreds or
even thousands of current user.
Ex:
 Multiprocessing
Supports running a program on
morethan one CPU
Ex.
 Multitasking
Allows more than one program to
run concurrently.
Ex.
 Multithreading
Allows different parts of a
single program to run concurrently.
Ex.
 Real time
• Responds to input instantly.
• General- purpose operating
systems such as DOS and UNIX
are not real time.
 Devices
Of a
Computer
 HARDWARE
- physical, touchable, electronic
and mechanical parts of a computer
-composed of different devices
attached to a computer.
Examples of Hardware
 The following list
represents a basic set
of devices found in
Most Personal
Computers:
1. System Unit
• It is the main part of a computer
sometimes called the chassis.
• It includes the following parts:
Motherboard, Microprocessor, Micro
Chips, Buses, Ports, Expansion Slots
and Cards.
2.
Motherboard/Mainboard/
System Board
• main curcuit board of the
computer
• contains the curcuits and compo-
nents that run the computer
3. CPU (Central Processing
Unit)
• the main “brain” or “heart” of the
computer system.
• performs all of the instructions and
calculations that are needed
• manages all the flow of information
4. Primary Storage
• (Internal storage, main memory or
memory)
• computer’s working storage space
• holds data, instructions or processing
and processed data (information)
 Two(2) types of Memory
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
- non volatile means working
even ON or OFF
• RAM (Random Access
Memory)
- volatible means working
when ON only.
5. Expansion Bus
• A data pathway between several
hardware components inside or
outside a computer.
• It does not only connect the parts of
the CPU to each other, but also links
the CPU with other important
hardware.
6. Adapters
• Printed-circuit boards or interface
cards that enable the computer to use
a peripheral device for which it does
not have the necessary connection or
circuit boards.
• often used to permit upgrading to a
new different hardware.
7. Power Supply Unit (PSU)
• Installed in the back corner of a PC
case, next to motherboard.
• Converts 120vac (standard house
power) into DC voltages that are used
by the other components in the PC.
8. Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
• also known as hard drive
• is a magnetic storage device that is
installed inside the computer
• used as permanent storage for data
• In a Windows Computer, it is usually
configured as the C: drive and contains
the operating system and applications.
9. Optical Drive
• A storage device that uses lasers to
read data on the optical media.
• 3 types of optical drives: Compact Disk
(CD), Digital Versatile Disk (DVD) and
Blu-ray Disk (BD).
10. Digital Versatile Disk (DVD)
• Designed optically to access data
stored on a DVD.
• A laser moves back and forth near the
disk surface and accesses data at a
very fast rate.