ARGUMENT

A claim put forward and defended with reasons.

 2 BASIC ELEMENTS OF AN ARGUMENT:

1. CONCLUSION – statement that is being claimed to

be true
2. PREMISE – statement that serves as the basis or
support of conclusion
 PURPOSE OF AN ARGUMENT

To be persuasive and convincing

DETERMINING THE LOGIC OF ARGUMENTS

• Ability to analyze the structure and content of

arguments:
• Issues, problems being raised
• Chief claim of the argument
• Bases and premises to support the claims
 INDICATORS

CONCLUSION PREMISE
• Therefore • Because
• Thus • For
• So • Since
• Hence • Inasmuch
• The evidence presented by the prosecution was obtained through
wiretapping. However, it is unlawful for any person, not being
authorized by all the parties to any private communication, to tap any
wire or cable to secretly overhear, intercept or record such
communication. Therefore, such evidence will not be admissible in
this particular judicial investigation.
• Abortion should not be legalized even in cases of rape and
incest because it is not morally permissible to kill an
innocent, defenseless child due to someone else’s fault.
 SOME ARGUMENTS DO NO HAVE AN
INDICATOR
• Example:

• MMDA’s campaign to get rid of sidewalk vendors is right.

The proliferation of these sidewalk vendors slows down
the movement of vehicles causing heavy traffic.
 RECOGNIZING ARGUMENTS
• Disinguishing ARGUMENTS from NON-ARGUMENTS

EXPLANATION ARGUMENT
• Attempts to show why something is • to prove or justify the truth of a
the case particular claim
• Not meant to prove or justify the
truth of a particular claim
EXPLANATION ARGUMENT

• Hubbert Webb and • Any law that prohibits

company were acquitted by
the Supreme Court because
the court found inherent
inconsistencies in the
evidences provided by the
prosecution.
people from expressing
their views is
unconstitutional because our
Constitution guarantees the
freedom of speech.
OPINION

• Statements about what a speaker or writer believes

• I agree with the proposed Juvenile Justice Welfare Act being
discussed at present in a bicameral conference committee of the
Congress. Republic Act 9344 must be amended. The minimum
age of criminal liability must be lowered from 15 to 12.
 CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS

• Contains an if-then relationship.

• Two basic components: the antecedent (if-clause) and the consequent (then-clause)

Conditional Stament: If the Philippines adopts a parliamentary government,

then we will not elect a President anymore.
Argument: We will not elect a President anymore because the Philippines adopted
a parliamentary government