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Electricity &
Magnetism
GROUP 3
10-Newton
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Electricity
is the set of physical phenomena
associated with the presence and
motion of matter that has a
property of electric charge.

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Atoms

• are the basic building blocks of ordinary matter.

• are composed of particles called protons,
electrons and neutrons.
• Protons (p) are positively charged
• Electrons (e-) are negatively charged
• Neutrons are no electric charge

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Our world is filled with Electrical Charges...

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Static Electricity

• is an imbalance of electric charges within or on

the surface of a material.
• The charge remains until it is able to move away
by means of an electric current or electrical
discharge.
• The build up of an electric charge on the surface
of an object.
• The charge builds up but does not flow.
• is potential energy. It does not move. It is
stored.

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Static Discharge

• is the release of static electricity when two objects touch each other
• Occurs when there is a loss of static electricity due to three possible things:
• Friction - rubbing
• Conduction – direct contact
• Induction – through an electrical field (not direct contact)

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Current

• is the rate of flow of electric charge past a point or region. An electric current is
said to exist when there is a net flow of electric charge through a region. In
electric circuits this charge is often carried by electrons moving through a wire.

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Voltage

• The measure of energy given to the charge flowing in a circuit.

• The greater the voltage, the greater the force or “pressure” that drives the
charge through the circuit.

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Resistance

• a measure of the opposition to current flow in an electrical circuit.

• The greater the resistance, the less current gets through.
• Influeneces resistance:
• Material of wire – aluminum and copper have low resistance
• Thickness – the thicker the wire the lower the resistance
• Length – shorter wire has lower resistance
• Temperature – lower temperature has lower resistance

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Types of Circuit
Series Circuit
• is a circuit in which resistors are arranged in a chain, so the current has only one path to take. The current
is the same through each resistor.
• the components are lined up along one path. If the circuit is broken, all components turn off.

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Types of Circuit
Parallel Circuit
• is a closed circuit in which the current divides into two or more paths before recombining to complete the
circuit. Each load connected in a separate path receives the full circuit voltage, and the total circuit
current is equal to the sum of the individual branch currents.
• there are several branching paths to the components. If the circuit is broken at any one branch, only the
components on that branch will turn off.

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 Conductors vs. Insulators
Conductors Insulators
• is an object or type of material that allows • is a material that does not conduct
the flow of charge (electrical current) in electrical current.
one or more directions. Examples:
Examples: • Styrofoam

VS.
• Metal
• Rubber
• Water
• Plastic
• Paper

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Ohm’s Law

• the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two
points.
• Discovered by Georg Simon Ohm, he discovered one of the most fundamental laws of current
electricity, he was virtually ignored for most of his life by scientists in his own country.

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Magnetism
is a class of physical phenomena
that are mediated by magnetic
fields. Electric currents and the
magnetic moments of elementary
particles give rise to a magnetic
field, which acts on other currents
and magnetic moments.

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Magnet

• is a material or object that produces a magnetic field. This magnetic field is invisible but is responsible for
the most notable property of a magnet: a force that pulls on other ferromagnetic materials, such as iron,
and attracts or repels other magnets.

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Magnets exert either a force of Attraction or
Repulsion….
• Attraction

• Repulsion

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Electromagnet Laun
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• is a magnet that runs on electricity. Unlike a permanent magnet, the strength of an electromagnet can
easily be changed by changing the amount of electric current that flows through it. The poles of an
electromagnet can even be reversed by reversing the flow of electricity.
• a magnet made from a current bearing coil of wire wrapped around an iron or steel core.

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Generator

• is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. In this device the rotor windings have
been replaced with permanent magnets. These devices do not require a separate DC supply for the
excitation circuit or do they have slip rings and contact brushes.
• Usually use moving magnets to create currents in coils of wire.

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 ES
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Launch

IN
BOFF

Thank
You
Philippians 4 13
"I Can Do All Things Through Christ
Who Strengthens Me"