• The units or building blocks of art

• The aspects of an artwork that can be isolated

from each other.
ELEMENTS OF ART:
VISUAL
: a point moving at an identifiable path-it has
length and direction. It also has width. It is one-
dimensional, however, it has the capacity to either
define the perimeters of the artwork and/or become
a substantial component of the composition.
A quality that is ascribed to lines is its
ability to direct the eyes to follow
movement or provide hints as to a work’s
focal point.
 CATEGORIES
– refers to the
orientation of the line. Horizontal lines are normally
associated with rest or calm. Vertical lines, on the
other hand, connote elevation or height, which is
usually taken to mean exaltation or aspiration for
action. Together these lines communicate stability
and firmness.
 CATEGORIES
–
diagonal lines convey movement and
instability, although the progression can be
seen. Crooked or jagged lines on the other
hand, are reminiscent of violence, conflict, or
struggle.
 CATEGORIES
– lines that bend or coil.
They allude to softness, grace, flexibility, or
even sensuality.
One of the most important Spanish artists
is Francisco de Goya. Known for his prints,
he is a master of etched works and use of
aquatint.
Porque Esconderlos (Why Hide Them)
The Raft of the Medusa (1818-19)
Theodore Gericuault
ELEMENTS OF ART:
VISUAL : they define the space
occupied by the object of art. Shape refers to two
dimensions: height and width, while form refers
to three dimensions: height, width, and depth.
CATEGORIES OF SHAPE
– shapes that find
origin in mathematical propositions.
These includes shapes such as squares,
triangles, cubes, circles, spheres, and
cones, among others.
CATEGORIES OF SHAPE
– readily occurring
in nature, often irregular or
asymmetrical.
ELEMENTS OF ART:
VISUAL
: It is usually inferred from a sense of
depth, whether it is real or simulated.
ELEMENTS OF ART:
VISUAL
: a property of light, as it is reflected
off the object. Color is not intrinsic to an
object and without light, one cannot perceive
color.
PROPERTIES OF COLOR
– this dimension of
color gives its name. It can be
subdivided into:
 red, yellow, and blue
combination of two
primary colors.
combination of a primary
and secondary color.
PROPERTIES OF COLOR
– the brightness or darkness of
color. This is used by artists to create the
illusion of depth and solidity, a
particular mood, communicate a feeling,
or in establishing a scene.
 lighter color than the normal value
(e.g. pink for red)
darker color than normal value
(e.g. maroon for red)
adding grey to a hue
PROPERTIES OF COLOR
– the strength of a color ,
whether it is vivid or muted. To achieve a
specific intensity of a color, one may add
either grey or its complementary color.
 positive energy
sedate/ soothing,
seriousness or calm.
PROPERTIES OF COLOR
– refers to the property
that certain aesthetically pleasing color
combinations have.
 use the variations of a
hue.
involve two colors
opposite each other in the color wheel.
makes use of two colors
beside each other in the color wheel.
• Claude Monet
“Houses of Parliaments”
ELEMENTS OF ART:
VISUAL
: experienced through a sense of
touch (and sight). This element renders the
art object tactile.
PLANES AND
PERSPECTIVE
: Any surface area in space. In two-
dimensional art, the picture plane is the flat
surface an image is created upon; a piece of
paper, stretched canvas, wood panel, etc.
PLANES AND
PERSPECTIVE
: an implied geometric
pictorial construct dating from 15th century Europe,
affords us the accurate illusion of three-
dimensional space on a flat surface, and appears to
recede into the distance through the use of
a horizon line and vanishing points.
TYPES OF PERSPECTIVE,
GOUNDED BY THE NUMBER OF
VANISHING POINTS USED BY THE
ARTIST – occurs when
the receding lines appear to converge at
a single point on the horizon and used
when the flat front of an object is facing
the viewer.
TYPES OF PERSPECTIVE,
GOUNDED BY THE NUMBER OF
VANISHING POINTS USED BY THE
ARTIST
– occurs when
the vertical edge of a cube is facing the
viewer, exposing two sides that recede into
the distance, one to each vanishing point.
•
TYPES OF PERSPECTIVE,
GOUNDED BY THE NUMBER OF
VANISHING POINTS USED BY THE
ARTIST
– used when
an artist wants to project a “bird’s eye view”,
that is, when the projection lines recede to
two points on the horizon and a third either
far above or below the horizon line.
ELEMENTS OF ART:
AUDITORY
: the element of music that situates it in
time. Often associated to the terms beat (basic
unit of music), meter (beats organized into
recognizable/recurring accent patterns), and
tempo (speed: b/s).
ELEMENTS OF ART:
AUDITORY
: aspects relating to the
relative loudness or quietness of music.
ELEMENTS OF ART:
AUDITORY
: the LINEAR/HORIZONTAL
presentation of pitch (the word used to
describe the highness or lowness of a
musical sound).
MELODIES CAN BE
DESCRIBED
•• AS:
(smooth; easy to sing or play)
•• (disjointedly ragged or jumpy;
difficult to sing or play).
ELEMENTS OF ART:
AUDITORY
: the VERTICALIZATION of pitch.
Often, harmony is thought of as the art of
combining pitches into chords (several
notes played simultaneously as a "block").
ELEMENTS OF ART:
AUDITORY
: often likened to the color of
music. A quality that distinguishes a
voice or an instrument from another.
ELEMENTS OF ART:
AUDITORY
: refers to the number of
individual musical lines (melodies) and
the relationship these lines have to one
another.
TEXTURES OF MUSIC:
•• single melodic line
•• two or more melodic lines
•• main melody accompanied
by chords
PRINCIPLES OF ART
: refers to the distribution of the
visual elements in view of their placement in
relation to each other.
 THREE FORMS OF
••BALANCE: the elements
used on one side are reflected to the
other. This offers the most stable visual
sense to any artwork.
Even though images are
different, they balance
each other out equally.
THREE FORMS OF
BALANCE:
•• the elements
are not the same (or of the same weight)
on each side, putting the heaviness on
one side.
FORMS OF BALANCE:
•• there is a central point in the
composition, around which elements and
objects are distributed.
PRINCIPLES OF ART
: Scale pertains to the
size in relation to what is normal for the figure or
object in question. Proportion on the other hand, is
the size of the components, or of objects in relation to
one another when taken as a composition or unit
• The principle of proportion is not limited to size.
• Elements such as color can be used in differing
proportions to create emphasis.
• Proportion in art was “hit and miss” for many years
until artists during the Renaissance rediscovered the
Golden Mean developed by the ancient Greek
mathematicians Euclid and Pythagoras.
• The principle of proportion is not limited to size.
• Elements such as color can be used in differing
proportions to create emphasis.
• Proportion in art was “hit and miss” for many years
until artists during the Renaissance rediscovered the
Golden Mean developed by the ancient Greek
mathematicians Euclid and Pythagoras.
 PROPORTION CAN BE:
relates to the realistic size of the visual elements
in the artwork, especially for figurative artworks.
refers to the unusual size relations of visual
elements, deliberately exaggerating the immensity or
minuteness of an object.
most common to those that follow canons of
perfection.
PRINCIPLES OF ART
: Emphasis allows
the attention of the viewer to a focal point,
accentuating or drawing attention to these
elements or objects. Contrast is the disparity
between the elements that figure into the
composition.
Subordination is defined as minimizing or toning
down other compositional elements in order to bring
attention to the focal point.
Focal point refers to an area in the composition that
has the most significance, an area that the artist wants
to draw attention to as the most important aspect.
• In Claus Oldenberg’s large
public sculpture
“Stonebridge” we see an
everyday object blown up
to massive size. The use of
the large form, as well as
the dark red color of the
cherry focus us to look at
the sculpture.

Minneapolis
Sculpture
Garden
PRINCIPLES OF ART
: Unity is the arrangement
of elements and principles with media to create a
feeling of completeness and wholeness. Variety,
on the other hand, adds interest by using
contrasting elements within the composition.
PRINCIPLES OF ART
: is achieved when the elements of an
artwork come together in a unified way. Certain element
can be repeated, yet they still look and feel like they are
lending themselves to a whole. Harmony is definitely not
monotony but also not chaos. It is that perfect pairing of
the two.
PRINCIPLES OF ART
: refers to the direction of the viewing eye
as it goes through the artwork, often guided by areas or
elements that are emphasized. It is used to create the
impression of action in a work of art.
PRINCIPLES OF ART
: When motifs or elements are
repeated, alternated, or otherwise arranged,
the intervals between them or how they
overlap can create rhythm and a sense of
movement.
 CATEGORIES OF RHYTHM:
Groupings of similar motifs or
elements that repeat with no regularity create a
random rhythm. Pebble beaches, the fall of snow,
fields of clover, herds of cattle, and traffic jams all
demonstrate random rhythms.
 CATEGORIES OF RHYTHM:
Like a heart or song with
a steady beat, regular rhythm is created by
a series of elements, often identical or
similar, that are placed at regular or similar
intervals, such as in grids.
CATEGORIES OF RHYTHM:
Two or more different motifs may
be alternated, such as the black and red squares in a
checkerboard; a single motif might be flipped, mirrored or
rotated every so many iterations; or the placement or
spacing between motifs can be alternated. This is
essentially a regular rhythm that has more complex motifs,
or meta-motifs. The added variety can help lessen the
monotony of a regular rhythm.
CATEGORIES OF RHYTHM:
created by undulating
elements and intervals, bending and curving
motifs and spaces. Natural flowing rhythm can
be seen in streams and waterways, beaches
and waves, sand dunes and glaciers, rolling
hills and wind-blown grasses.