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DELIVERY AND ROUTING OF

IP PACKETS
KEY IDEA: ROUTING TABLE TELLS A ROUTER HOW PACKETS ARE TO BE DELIVERED
 Quotes of the Day
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 ACCORDING TO MU’ADH IBN JABAL, WHEN THE

PROPHET(SAW) APPOINTED HIM GOVERNOR OF
YEMEN, HE SAID, “ ABSTAIN FROM LUXURIES, FOR
THOSE WHO LIVE LUXURIOUS LIVES ARE NO
SERVANTS OF GOD.

 Hadith of Ahmad Ibn Hanbal

 Agenda
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 Delivery and routing of IP packets (topic)

 Internet and routing
 IP delivery strategies
 Direct delivery (same network)
 Indirect delivery (different networks)
 Routing table and techniques
 Next‐hop based versus route‐based
 Network‐based versus host‐based
 Host‐specific routing
 Default routing
 Our Internet
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 The Internet is the network of networks.

 Internet and routing
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 Basic function of the Internet

 To allow any two hosts to talk to each other using IP packets
 Routing enables data packets to find the way
through the Internet
 Depending on the locations of the two hosts, the
delivery can be
 Direct, or
 Indirect
 Direct Delivery
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 Indirect delivery
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 IP delivery strategies
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 IP delivery is primarily network‐based

 Host X is to send a packet to host Y
 Case 1: Hosts X and Y are in the same network
 Direct delivery
 Case 2: They are in different networks
 Indirect delivery
 The last hop is direct delivery from a router in the
destination network to the destination
 How do hosts make routing decisions?
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 When a host X receives a packet to be delivered to Y

 Host X checks whether Y is within the same network
 If yes, directly deliver the packet to host Y

 If no, deliver the packet to the appropriate router

 Routing table
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 In case of indirect delivery, a host looks up a

routing table to determine which router to use
 Most networks have only one router (known as the default
router)
 A router also uses a routing table to determine how
a packet is to be delivered
 How is routing table organized?
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 Main issue: size of the routing table must be

manageable
 Cost: A larger routing table needs more memory
 Performance: It takes longer to search a large routing table

 Different techniques
 Next‐hop based versus route‐based
 Network‐based versus host‐based

 Host‐specific routing

 Default routing
 Next‐hop routing versus
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route‐based routing
 Network‐specific versus
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host‐specific
 Host‐specific routing
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 Default routing
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 Summary
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 Delivery and routing of IP packets (topic)

 Internet and routing
 IP delivery strategies
 Direct delivery (same network)
 Indirect delivery (different networks)
 Routing table and techniques
 Next‐hop based versus route‐based
 Network‐based versus host‐based
 Host‐specific routing
 Default routing