 Intelligence

 Artificial Intelligence
 A brief history of AI
 Cool current projects in AI
 Ability to interact with the world (speech, vision,
motion, manipulation)
 Ability to model the world and to reason about it
 Ability to learn and to adapt
 To build systems that exhibit intelligent behavior
 To understand intelligence in order to model it
 Sometimes
 But sometimes we want AI systems to be better and
smarter than we are
 1943: McCulloch and Pitts propose a model of artificial
neurons
 1956 Minsky and Edmonds build first neural network
computer, the SNARC
 John McCarthy organizes a two-month workshop for
researchers interested in neural networks and the study
of intelligence
 Agreement to adopt a new name for this field of study:
Artificial Intelligence
 Arthur Samuel’s checkers player
 Shakey the robot
 Lots of work on neural networks
 AI problems appear to be too big and complex
 Computers are very slow, very expensive, and have
very little memory (compared to today)
 Birth of expert systems
 Idea is to give AI systems lots of information to start
with
 R1 becomes first successful commercial expert system
 Some interesting phone company systems for
diagnosing failures of telephone service
 Increases in computational power (computers are
cheaper, faster, and have tons more memory than they
used to)
 An example of the coolness of speed: Computer Chess
 2/96: Kasparov vs Deep Blue
◦ Kasparov victorious: 3 wins, 2 draws, 1 loss
 3/97: Kasparov vs Deeper Blue
◦ First match won against world champion
◦ 512 processors: 200 million chess positions per second

How do you think it works???

Mars rover
http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/home/index.html
Humanoid robots
http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/humanoid-robotics-
group/
Entertainment robots
http://www.us.aibo.com/
Vacuum cleaner robots: “Roomba”
 Looking for patterns in vast amounts of data that is just
too big for humans to analyze
 [c4.5 demos]
Automatic translation
http://world.altavista.com/
You type, it types back
http://www.mrmind.com/mrmind3
Movie ticket reservations by phone
1-800-Fandango
You talk, it types
IBM’s ViaVoice
Face recognition and enhancement
http://www.ri.cmu.edu/labs/lab_51.html
Automated driving - No Hands across America
Visual tracking systems
http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/CAVE/research/demos/.index.html
http://www.aaai.org/Pathfinder/html/show.html