CP (CS F111)

Mr. Sanjeev Kr Singh

BITS Pilani Lecturer
Department of CSIS
Hyderabad Campus
Today’s Agenda

• Course Logistics
• Course Motivation
• Course Outline
• Basics

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Course Logistics

Total Marks =
300

Make-Up Policy :
Makeup for other components is granted on prior permissions and
valid document of illness.
CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
Course Logistics

• Lab (Practicals)
– Once in a week of 2 hours.
– Focus on practical aspects of programming and complex problem solving
– Online Judge : Mooshak

• Lab Evaluation Components

• Continuous Lab Evaluation – 10%
• Lab Eval-1 – 10 %
• Lab Eval-2 – 15%

• Chamber consultation hours

• B223 Wednesday (3.00 – 4.00 pm)

• Course Notices:
• CMS & CSIS Notice board(B-Block)

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Our Team

Mr. Sanjeev Singh : Instructor in Charge

Dr. Aruna Malapati : Instructor
Mr. Gokul Kannan : Instructor
Research Scholars : Mr. Pavan, Mr. Sanket , Ms. Rajita
Teaching Assistants : TBA

• 3 Lectures + 1 Lab every week

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Text Books

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Course Motivation

• Programming is the core of everything to do with

computers.

• Application areas :
• Book tickets online
• Buy online
• Search Something on internet
• Weather forecast
• Video games
• Intelligent Systems : Washing Machines, Fighter planes
• Device Drivers

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Ticket Reservation

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Buying Online

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Washing Machine

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Mars Mission

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Why Learn C?

• C is the basis for many other languages (C++, Java, Perl).

• C is very quick.

• C is small (only 32 keywords).

• C is common (lots of C code).

• C is stable (the language doesn’t change much).

• C is easy to Learn

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Outcome of this Course

• At the end of the course

• you should be able to solve a task by developing an
algorithm.
• writing and execute it’s equivalent C program.
• Also, you will be able to know little about the components
responsible for executing your program.

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Course Outline - Overview
• Fundamentals
• Computer Hardware & Software
• Programming Language
• Problem Solving Methodology
• Flowchart and Algorithms
• Overview of C programming
• Data-Types, variables
• Standard Input / Output
• Programming Constructs
• Decision making
• Looping
• Complex Data Types
• Arrays
• Pointers
• Strings
• Structures
• Modular Programming
• Bit-Level Manipulations
• File Handling
• Linked List and operation on it.
CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
What is a Computer ?

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

What is Computer System ?

A computer system includes hardware and software

Thing’s that we
cannot touch

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Basic Definitions

• Bit(Binary Digit) : 0s and 1s

• Low Voltage : 0 (off)
• High Voltage : 1 (on)

• Instruction : Sequence of bits to carry out specific

task
• ADD
• SUB
• MUL
• DIV
• MOV etc…
CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
Basic Definitions

Program – Set of instructions for carrying out a specific task

Where are programs stored?
– In secondary memory, when first created.
– Brought into main memory, during execution.

Software – Collection of programs.

System software Application software

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Computer Software

• System Software
– Programs that manage the hardware resources
– Operating System, Compilers, Linkers, Loaders, Debuggers, Disk
formatters, etc.

• Application Software
– Helps users solve their problems
– VLC player, Office, web browsers, DBMS, Banking application,
Reservation systems etc.

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Anatomy of a Computer
System
User

Application Software

System Software

Hardware

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Computer Hardware

• Input Device
• Output Device
• Memory
• Primary Memory
• Secondary Memory
• Processing Elements

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Input Device

Input: Getting Data into the Computer

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Output Device
Output: Displaying Information

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Primary Memory

Random Access Memory– RAM Cache Memory – L1 , L2 cache

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Secondary Storage Memory
Hard Disk Drive Flash Drive

Compact Disc

SD Memory Card

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Memory & Speed Hierarchy

Memory is physically arranged so that fastest elements (registers) are closest to

the CPU and slower elements are progressively farther away.

Very Nicely explained about how data is stored on disc :

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3BNHhfTsvk

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Megabytes, Gigabytes,
Terabytes... What Are They ?
• 1 Bit = Binary Digit
• 8 Bits = 1 Byte
• word 4 bytes = 32 bits (word size is processor
specific)
• Base 2 Numbers composed of bits
• Base 10 Numbers composed of the digits 0-9
• Base 16 Numbers composed of the digits 0-9 and letters A-F. Also called
hexadecimal or hex.

• 1024 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte

• 1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte
• 1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte
• 1024 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Processing Element

Processing : Working on the input data to produce output

Central Processing Unit

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

- Fetch Decode Execute

- It retrieves instructions from the memory, interprets

(decodes) them, and performs the requested
operation

- It has a large number of registers which temporarily

store data and programs (instructions).

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Programming Languages

1. Machine Language

2. Assembly Language

3. High-Level Language

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Machine Language

– Expressed in binary.
– Directly understood by the computer.
– Not portable; varies from one machine type to
another.
Program written for one type of machine will not run on
another type of machine.
– Difficult to use in writing programs.

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Assembly Language

– Mnemonic form of machine language.

– Easier to use as compared to machine language.
- For example, use “ADD” instead of “10110100”.
– Not portable (like machine language).
– Requires a translator program called assembler.

Assembly Machine
language Assembler language
program program

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Contd.

• Assembly language is also difficult to use in writing programs.

– Requires many instructions to solve a problem.

• Example: Find the average of three numbers.

MOV A,X ; A=X

ADD A,Y ; A=A+Y
ADD A,Z ; A=A+Z In C,
DIV A,3 ; A=A/3
RES = (X + Y + Z) / 3
MOV RES,A ; RES = A

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

High-Level Language

• Machine language and assembly language are called low-

level languages.
– They are closer to the machine.
– Difficult to use.

• High-level languages are easier to use.

– They are closer to the programmer.
– Examples:
• C, C++, Java
– Requires a translator.
• Using a software called compiler.

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Some programmer jargon

• Some words that will be used a lot:

– Source code: The stuff you type into the computer. The
program you are writing.
– Compile (build): Taking source code and making a program
that the computer can understand.
– Executable: The compiled program that the computer can run.
– Library: Added functions for C programming which are bolted
on to do certain tasks.
– Header file: Files ending in .h which are included at the start of
source code.

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 Creating and Running C
Programs
#include <stdio.h>
Text editor int main (void)
{
…
}
Source

Compiler 00110 110

11001 110
Object

Linker 00110 110 11001 110

11001 000 01010 110 Executable
Library
-- - - - -
Loader -- - - -
Results
CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
Our First C Program: Hello World

Preprocessor

#include <stdio.h>
Comments are good
/* This program prints “Hello World” */

main( ) means “start here”

int main()
{
printf(“Hello World!\ \n”);
return 0;
}
Library command
Brackets define code blocks
CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
C doesn’t care much about spaces

#include <stdio.h> /* This program prints Hello World */

int main( ) { printf(“Hello World!\n”); return 0;}

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Summary

• Course related information

• Basics
• Component of Computer
• 3 types of Languages
• Compilation & First C Program

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

THANK YOU

CS F111 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus