who Am I? MODULE 2 INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of the module, you will be able to: 1. Explain the nature, concept, and the meaning of the self. 2. Describe the nature of the self from your own point of view. 3. Discuss the conceptualization and representation of the self from various disciplines and perspectives; and 4. Develop a pleasant and wholesome attitude towards oneself. Group Singing Find the following songs on the internet and make the class sing them also reflect on the songs’ lyrics. Then answer the questions that follow: “Sino ako” by Jamie Rivera “Who Am I” by Casting Crowns “SINO AKO” by Jamie Rivera Hiram sa DIYOS ang aking buhay Ikaw at akoy tanging handog lamang Di ko ni nais na akoy isilang Ngunit salamat dahil may buhay Ligaya ko na akoy isilang pagkat tao ay mayroong dangal Sino ang may pag ibig sinong nagmamahal Kung di ang tao DIYOS ang pinagmulan Kung di ako umibig kung di ko man bigyang halaga Ang buhay kong handog ang buhay ko ident Ng hiram sa DIYOS Kung di ako nagmamahal sino ako Questions 1.Who are you? 2. How would you describe yourself? 3. Do you love yourself? Why or why not? 4. What are you most grateful for in life? 5. What are the biggest and most important things you have learned in life so far? Activity 1 Look at yourself in the mirror and answer the following questions. 1. How can you describe yourself based on your own perspective or point of view? “I am ____________________.”
2. What aspect of yourself do you feel good about? Why?
3. What aspect of yourself do you believe you have to improve? Why?
_______________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ The Philosophical View of Self Socrates: Know yourself Socrates is principally concerned with man. He considers man from the point of view of his inner life. The famous line of Socrates, “Know yourself,” tells each man to bring his inner self to light. A bad man not virtuous through ignorance; the man who does not follow the good fails to do so because he does not recognize it. The Philosophical View of Self Socrates: Know yourself • the core of Socratic ethics is the concept of virtue and knowledge. • Virtue is the deepest and most basic propensity of man. • Knowing one’s own virtue is necessary and can be learned. • Since virtue is innate in the mind and self- knowledge is the source of all wisdom, an individual may gain possession of oneself and be one’s own master through knowledge. The Philosophical View of Self Plato: The Ideal Self, the Perfect Self According to Plato, man was omniscient or all- knowing before he came to be born into this world. With his separation from the paradise of truth and knowledge and his long exile one earth, he forgot most of the knowledge he had. However, by constant remembering through contemplation and doing good, he can regain his former perfections. The Philosophical View of Self Plato: The Ideal Self, the Perfect Self Man who is now an exile on earth has a guiding star, a model, or a divine exemplar which he must follow to reach and attain his destiny. In practical terms, this means that man in this life should imitate his former self, more specifically, he should live a life of virtue in which true human perfection exists. Happiness, which is the fruit of virtue, is attained by the constant imitation of the divine exemplar of virtue, embodied in man’s former perfect self. The Philosophical View of Self Immanuel Kant: Respect for Self Man is the only creature who governs and directs himself and his actions, who sets up ends for himself and his purpose, and who freely orders means for the attainment of his aims. Every man is thus an end in himself and should never be treated merely as a means-as per the order of the Creator and the natural order of things. The Philosophical View of Self Immanuel Kant: Respect for Self This rule is a plan dictum of a reason and justice: Respect others as you would respect yourself. A person should not be used as a tool, instrument, or device to accomplish another’s private ends. Thus, all men are persons gifted with the same basic rights and should treat each other as equals. The Philosophical View of Self Rene Descartes: “I think, therefore I am” Descartes states that the self is a thinking entity distinct from the body. His first famous principle was “Cogito, ergo sum.” which means “I think, therefore I am.” Although the mind and the body are independent from each other and serve their own function, man must use his own mind and thinking abilities to investigate, analyze, experiment, and develop himself. The Philosophical View of Self John Locke: Personal Identity John Locke holds that personal identity (the self) is a matter of psychological continuity. For him, personal identity is founded on consciousness (memory), and not on the substance of either the soul or the body. Personal identity is the concept about oneself that evolves over the course of an individual’s life. The Philosophical View of Self John Locke: Personal Identity It may include aspects of life that man has no control over, such as where he grew up or the color of his skin, as well as the choices he makes, like how he spends his time and what he believes. The Philosophical View of Self David Hume: The Self is the Bundle Theory of Mind Hume is skeptical about the existence of the self, specifically, on weather there is a simple, unified self that exists over time. For him, man has no “clear intelligible” idea of the self. He posits that no single impression of the self exists, rather, the self is just the thing to which all perceptions of a man is ascribed. Moreover, even if there were such an impression of the self, it would have to remain constant over time to constitute identity. The Philosophical View of Self David Hume: The Self is the Bundle Theory of Mind However, man’s impressions vary and always change. Even attempts to have impressions of the self must fail for all these attempts are really just occasions for one to notice perceptions. Put simply, a person can never observe oneself without some other perceptions. Thus, Hume asserts that we call the “Self” is really just “a bundle or collection of different perceptions which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidity.” The Christian or Biblical View of Self The Holy Bible “God created man in His image, in the divine image He created him, male and female He created them. God blessed them, saying “Be fertile and multiply; fill the earth and subdue it. Have dominion over the fish of the sea, the birds in the air, and all the living things that move on the earth.” Genesis 1: 24-28 The Christian or Biblical View of Self According to Holy writ, man, following his redemption by the Savior from eternal bondage, now shares in the infinite merits of his Redeemer and has become not only the inheritor of the new earth but also the heir of heavenly kingdom. Thus, it is appropriate to think of the “Self” as the multi-bejeweled crown of creation—the many gems thereof representing and radiating the glorious facets of man’s self that include the physical, intellectual, moral, religious, social, political, economic, emotional, sentient, aesthetic, sensual, and sexual aspects. The Christian or Biblical View of Self Figure 1. The Self as a Crown of Creation Physical Intellectual Sexual aspects Moral Aesthetic
The Crown Religious Sensual Creation of Self Social Aesthetic
Political Sentient Economic The Christian or Biblical View of Self St. Augustine: Love and Justice as the Foundations of the Individual Self St. Augustine believes that virtuous life is a dynamism of love. It is constant following of and turning towards love while a wicked life is a constant turning away from love. Loving God means loving one’s fellowmen; and loving one’s fellowmen denoted never doing any harm to another or as the golden principle of justice states, doing unto others as you would have them do unto you. Assignment 2 Write an essay about anything that you wish to share about yourself. You may use the suggested topics Me as I see me How other people see me How would like other people to see me ______________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ __________________________________________ Thank You
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