Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
(Adapted from Bray GA. Gray DS, Obesity, part 1: Pathogenesis. West J Med 149:429, 1988; and Lew EA, Garfinkle L; Variations
in mortality by weight among 750,000 men and women. J Clin Epidemiol 32:563, 1979.)
Metabolic Syndrome book
Obesity
• Excessive amount of body fat
• Women with > 35% body fat
• Men with > 25% body fat
• Increased risk for health problems
• Are usually overweight, but can have
healthy BMI and high % fat
• Measurements using calipers
Body Fat Distribution: Gynecoid
• Lower-body obesity--Pear shape
• Encouraged by estrogen and progesterone
• Less health risk than upper-body obesity
• After menopause, upper-body obesity
appears
Body Fat Distribution: Android
80
60
40
20
0
<20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 >40
BMI Levels
15
9.1
10
6.3
5.3
5 3.6
2.5 2.1
1.0 1.0
0
<22 22-23 24+
Body Mass Index at Age 21
Adapted from Chan JM et al. Diabetes Care
1994;17:960-969.
Metabolic Syndrome Criteria*
Three or more of the following abnormalities:
• Waist circumference >102 cm (40 inches) in men
and > 88 cm (35 inches) in women
• Serum triglycerides of at least 150 mg/dL
• High density lipoprotein level <40 mg/dL in men
and <50 mg/dL in women
• Blood pressure >=135/85 mm/hg
• Serum glucose >=110 mg/dl
• Includes 47 million US residents (27.7% of the
population
*ATP III Guidelines. National Cholesterol Education Program, 2001
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
• Endocrine disorder characterized by
hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance
• Associated with android obesity
• Affects 5-10% of reproductive age women
• Erratic menstrual periods, chronic anovulations
resulting in multiple ovarian cysts; infertility,
acne, hirsutism and alopecia
• Increased risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes,
reproductive cancers
26 -Year Incidence of
Coronary Heart Disease in Men
<50 years 50+ years
600
500 440
Incidence/1,000
400
292
300 268
223
200 179
119
100 76
0
<25 25-<30 30+
BMI Levels
Adapted from Hubert HB et al. Circulation 1983;67:968-977.
Metropolitan Relative Weight of 110 is a BMI of approximately 25.
Hypertension
20 25 30 35 40
BMI
Relationship between BMI and crude percentage of women reporting
medical problems, surgical procedures, symptoms, and health care utilization.
20 25 30 35 40
BMI
Relationship between BMI and crude percentage of women reporting
medical problems, surgical procedures, symptoms, and health care utilization.
20 25 30 35 40
BMI
20 25 30 35 40
BMI
K
A
S
I
H