Presented by

Shrishty Pal
14642501
12th , F
Political Science
project on
Partition in India
 Content
• Introduction
• Partition of india – when & why ?
• Process of partition
• Causes of partition
• India – pak after partition
• Problem of displacement
• Three challenges of partition
• Impact on women
 Introduction
• The partition of India in 1947 was the division of British India[b] into
two independent dominion states, the Union of India and
the Dominion of Pakistan. The Union of India is today the Republic
of India; the Dominion of Pakistan is today the Islamic Republic of
Pakistan and the People's Republic of Bangladesh.
The partition involved the division of two provinces, Bengal and
the Punjab, based on district-wise non-Muslim
or Muslim majorities. Also divided between the two new dominions
were the British Indian Army, the Royal Indian Navy, the Indian Civil
Service, the railways, and the central treasury. The partition was
outlined in the Indian Independence Act 1947 and resulted in the
dissolution of the British Raj, or Crown rule in India. The two self-
governing countries of India and Pakistan legally came into
existence at midnight on 14–15 August 1947.
 Partition of India –when & why ?
• At the hour of midnight on 14-15 August 1947, India
attained independence. Jawaharlal nehru, the 1st prime
minister of free India.
• Unfortunately, the reality of partition and the mass
migration that came with it was nothing like they had
imagined, millions of Muslims were living in India and
millions of Hindu and Sikhs found themselves in the land of
the newly-created Pakistan and they would have to move.
• As the country was split divided by religion, Muslims moved
into the new land of Pakistan and Hindu and Sikhs to India.
• The need for a partition of the new country came about as
Hindus and Muslims in India were deeply divided and
unwilling to coexist in the same nation.
 Process of Partition
• It was decided that what was till then known
as India would be divided into two countries.
• India & Pakistan such a division was not only
very painful, but also difficult to decide & to
implement.
• It was decide to follow the principal the
religious majority would make up the territory
of Pakistan.
 India & Pakistan after Partition

1. The narratives just presented point to the pervasive violence that

characterised partition.
2. Several hundred thousand people were killed & innumerable women
raped & abducted.
3. Million were uprooted, transform into refugees in alien lands.
4. It is impossible to arrive at any accurate estimate of casualties:
informed & scholarly gusses vary from ,200,000 to 500,000 people.
 Problem of Displacement

•Poor and indigenous people are mostly affected by displacement as they have few
political and monetary resources.
Effects
1. Landlessness.
2. Joblessness.
3. Homelessness.
4. Marginalization.
5. Food insecurity.
6. Increased morbidity and mortality.
7. Loss of access to common property.
8. Social Disarticulation.
 Three challenge

Partition of India
1. Shape a nation which is united & carry all diversities & diverse cultural or
religious.
2. Establish democracy & representative on the parilmantry from of
government.
3. Development & well being of entre society & principal of equality
protection to all socially.
 Impact of women

• During the Partition of India, violence against women was an extensive issue. It is
estimated that during the partition between 75,000 and 100,000 women were
kidnapped and raped. The rape of women by males during this period is well
documented, with women also being complicit in these attacks.
• Systematic violence against women started in March 1947 in Rawalpindi district
where Sikh women were targeted by Muslim mobs. Violence was also perpetrated on
an organized basis, with Pathans taking Hindu and Sikh women from refugee trains
while one observer witnessed armed Sikhs periodically dragging Muslim women. It
has been estimated that the number of abducted Muslim women was double the
number of abducted Hindu and Sikh women, because of the actions of coordinated
Sikh jathas. India and Pakistan later worked to repatriate the abducted women.
Muslim women were to be sent to Pakistan and Hindu and Sikh women to India.
Thank You