Live in water

Breathe air
Live birth Whale Fish
Have scales
Have fins
Lay eggs
Breathe water
Can swim
Have hair
 Whale Fish
- Have hair - Live in - Have scales
water - Lay eggs
- Live birth
- Have fins
- Breathe air - Can swim - Breathe
water
- Group 5
- is to examine - is to see
how things are how they differ
similar
o are multi-paragraph compositions that explain
ways in which two (or occasionally more) subjects
are similar and different.
o is a common form of academic writing, either as
an essay type on its own, or as part of a larger
essay which includes one or more paragraphs
which compare or contrast.
o A paragraph developed by comparison and
contrast has a unifying idea or purpose.
o Compare and contrast essays help readers to
make a decision on a particular topic of
argument.
o It helps you understand familiar things
better.
Introduction:
- Capture your reader's attention.
- Provide background information.
- State your thesis.

Thesis statement:
- point out the relationship between the
ideas in question, how they are alike or
how they differ.
Body:
- divide your arguments into paragraphs.
- Depending on your approach, each new
paragraph will concentrate either on a
separate aspect of comparison/contrast, or
on each subject of your essay in turns.
Conclusion:
- Sum it up
- Bring your essay to a close
 In this method, all of the information
about one of the objects being
compared/contrasted is given first, and all
of the information about the other object
is listed afterwards.
 Introduction
Subject 1 - Point 1
Subject 1 - Point 2
Subject 1 - Point 3
Transition sentence/paragraph
Subject 2 - Point 1
Subject 2 - Point 2
Subject 2 - Point 3
Conclusion
Paragraph 1: Introduction
Thesis Statement: There are two
main differences between backpacking
and staying in hotels; cost and safety.
Paragraph 2: 1st Body
Subject 1: Backpacking
1. Cost
2. Safety
Paragraph 3: 2nd Body
Subject 2: Staying in a Hotel
1. Cost
2. Safety
Paragraph 4: Conclusion
 Travelling is a hobby which many people now
enjoy. It is a hobby which is becoming more and
more popular as opportunities for travel become
greater. These days there are several ways to
travel around the world; two of the most common
are backpacking and staying in hotels. There are
two main differences between backpacking and
staying in hotels; cost and safety.
 First, backpacking is quite different from
staying in hotels regarding costs and
safety. To begin with, backpacking has
been popular for many years with young
people who do not have a lot of money to
spend on travelling. By backpacking people
can save a lot of money and see many
more places than if they spent the same
money staying in a hotel. Furthermore,
as backpackers will need to sleep in a
hostel or outside in a tent while
backpacking, there will always be an issue
of safety and security because
backpackers sleep in the same area as
other people, many of whom they do not
know.
Second, staying in hotels, on the other
hand, differs from backpacking in terms of
cost and safety. Unlike backpacking,
staying in hotels requires a lot more
money. Hotels are one of the most
comfortable ways of travelling, but only if
you have enough money. By staying at a
hotel people will spend much more money
than they would spend in a hostel. In
addition, a hotel provides a higher level of
security to the traveller. Hotels require
specific security details such as flight, credit
cards or passport numbers to ensure the correct
identification of their customers.

In brief, there are differences in cost and

safety between backpacking and staying in
hotels. The world is a much smaller place than it
used to be, many people have the opportunity to
travel and they have many ways in which to
travel. People should
consider their budget and take
responsibility for their own safety and go
out and see the world.
 Include both subjects in one point of
comparison before moving on to the next
point of comparison.
 Introduction
Point 1
Subject 1 ➤ Subject 2
Point 2
Subject 1 ➤ Subject 2
Point 3
Subject 1 ➤ Subject 2
Conclusion
Paragraph 1: Introduction
Thesis Statement: There is one similarity
between the past and the present methods of
communication and that is in their general form.
While there are two differences; the speed and the
range of tools available.
Paragraph 2: 1st Body
Point 1: Forms of communication
Past ➤ Present methods of communication
Paragraph 3: 2nd Body
Point 2: Speed of communication
Past ➤ Present methods of communication
Paragraph 4: 3rd Body
Point 3: Range of communication tools
available
Past ➤ Present methods of communication

Paragraph 5: Conclusion
 Before the advent of computers and modern
technology, people communicating over long
distances used traditional means such as letters
and the telephone. Nowadays we have a vast
array of communication tools which can
complete
this task, ranging from email to instant
messaging and video calls. While the
present and previous means of
communication are similar in their general
form, they differ in regard to their speed
and the range of tools available.
One similarity between current and
previous methods of communication
relates to the form of communication.
In the past, both written forms such as
letters were frequently used, in addition to
oral forms such as telephone calls.
Similarly, people nowadays use both of
these forms. Just as in the past, written
forms of communication are prevalent, for
example via email and text messaging. In
addition, oral forms are still used, including
the telephone, mobile phone, and voice
messages via instant messaging services.

However, there are clearly many differences

in the way we communicate over long distances,
the most notable of which is speed. This is most
evident in relation to written forms of
communication. In the past, letters would take
days to arrive at their destination. In contrast, an
email arrives almost instantaneously and
can be read seconds after it was sent. In the
past, if it was necessary to send a short
message, for example at work, a memo could be
passed around the office, which would take
some time to circulate. This is different from the
current situation, in which a text message can be
sent immediately.

Another significant difference is the range of

communication methods.
Fifty years ago, the tools available for
communicating over long distances were
primarily the telephone and the letter. By
comparison, there are vast arrays of
communication methods available today.
These include not only the telephone,
letter, email and text messages already
mentioned, but also video conferences via
software such as Skype or mobile phone
apps such as WeChat, and social media
such as Facebook and Twitter.
In conclusion, methods of
communication have greatly advanced
over the past fifty years. While there are
some similarities, such as the forms of
communication, there are significant
differences, chiefly in relation to the speed
of communication and the range of
communication tools available. There is no
doubt that technology will continue to
progress in future, and the advanced tools
which we use today may one day also
become outdated.
8 Steps to Write
a Compare and
Contrast Essay
 Step 1 - Choose Your Subject
- Remember that your two subjects must be
different, but still in the same category, to
create a meaningful compare-and-contrast
essay.
Examples:
- Humanities-minded and Mathematically
minded
- Extroverts and Introverts
 Step 2 - Brainstorm Similarities and
Differences
- Make two lists: one list of similarities, and
another of differences.
- If you are a visual person, a Venn
diagram can facilitate this process.
 Step 3 - Hone in on Your Main
Argument
- A good compare and contrast essay goes
beyond a simple listing of similarities and
differences to make a meaningful
statement about a larger topic.
 Step 4 - Decide on Your
Organizational Structure
- There are many possibilities for
structuring a compare-and-contrast essay.
- You could write about one subject in
detail, and then switch to the other.
 Step 5 - Write an Outline
- Craft an outline that fits the structure you
have chosen.
Step 6 - Fill in Supporting Evidence
- As you begin to write your essay, back up
your assertions with evidence from
research, reading, or personal
experience.
 Step 6 - Fill in Supporting Evidence
- With any information that you include, be
sure to explain why it matters in the
context of your larger argument.
Step 7 - Craft Your Essay with Strong
Transitional Words
- Transitional words give your essay a nice
flow from one statement to the next.
Step 7 - Craft Your Essay with Strong
Transitional Words

- are transitional phrases/words that show

comparison and contrasting relation of
two ideas.
Similarly Too
Likewise Furthermore
Also as well as
both... and... moreover
not only... but also... In comparison
neither... nor... each of
to be alike in the same way
in addition equally
however on the other hand
in contrast either…or…
unlike despite / in spite
of
conversely otherwise
although / though dissimilar to
whereas even though
yet / but while
 Step 8 - Proofread and Revise
Carefully

- Once you have finished, read your

essay several times to check
spelling, grammar, and
punctuation.
THANKS!