Leader: Dimple Cardenas

Members: Jose Melvin

Fuentes
Milson Dapeg
Glenda Claro
Leanada Munar
GROUP 1
Grade 11- HUMSS 4
Is the study of the origins of
humans, how we have
changed over the years, and
how we relate to each other,
both within our own culture
and with people from other
cultures.
The term originates from
two words in Greek:
 Anthropos meaning
‘’man’’ as in ‘’human being’’
 Logos or Logia meaning
‘’to study’’
Is a branch of knowledge which
deals with the scientific study of
man ,his works, his body, his
behaviour and values, in time
and space. It is the study of
physical, social and cultural
development and behaviour of
human beings since their
appearance on earth.
Anthropology is the systematic
study of humanity, with the goal
of understanding our
evolutionary origins, our
distinctiveness as a species, and
the great diversity in our forms
of social existence across the
world and through time.
 In this article refers primarily to the 18th
and 19th century precursors of modern
anthropology.
The term anthropology itself, innovated
as a new Latin scientific word during the
renaissance, has always meant ‘’the study (or
science) of man’’. The topics to be included
and terminology have varied historically. At
present they are more elaborate than they
were during the development of
anthropology.
Anthropology traces its roots to
ancient Greek historical and
philosophical writings about human
nature and the organization of human
society.
Anthropologist generally regard
Herodotus, a Greek historian who lived
in the 400s B.C, as the first thinker to
write widely on concepts that would
later become central to anthropology.
In the book history, Herodotus described the
cultures of various peoples of the Persian
Empire, which the Greeks conquered during
the first half of the 400s B.C.
He referred to Greece as the dominant culture
of the West and Persia as the dominant culture
of the East. This type of division, between
white people of European descent and other
peoples, established the mode that most
anthropological writing would later adopt.
F O U N D E R S
FOUNDERS OF ANTHROPOLOGY
1. Franz Boas (1858-1942)
-was a German-born American
Anthropologist and a pioneer of
modern Anthropology who has been
called the ‘’Father of American
Anthropology’’.

Contribution:
-Suggested a four field approach to anthropology:
Linguistics, Physical, Archaeological, and Cultural.
-His own specialization: Cultural
2. Bronislaw Malinowski (1884-1942)
-is a highly influential
Anthropologist whose work is well-
studied today. He is particularly
known for his fieldwork in the
Trobriand Islands, where he helped
popularize methods of fieldwork
Contribution:
-wrote Argonauts of Pacific, his first and major
book
-he covered a broad number of topics: Economics,
trade, politics, sex and marriage, gardening, and
aesthetics.
3. AR Radcliffe-Brown (1881-1955)
-was an English social
Anthropologist who developed the
theory of structural functionalism
and coadaptation.

Contribution:
-Traveled a lot unlike his counterparts to expand
Anthropology.
-Natural Science of Society, his last book based
on lecture series held in Chicago.
-Expansion of Durkheim ideas.
4. Marcel Mauss (1872-1950)
-is a French sociologist and
anthropologist whose contributions
a highly original comparative study
of the relation between forms of
exchange and social structure.

Contribution:
-Traveled a lot to build Anthropological
Institution.
 Branches of Anthropology
1. Physical Anthropology
-also known as BIOLOGICAL
ANTHROPOLOGY
-is the study of the past and present evolution of
the human species and is especially concerned with
understanding the causes of present of human
diversity.
-it deals with the exploring of the human
origins and human variation.
-it studies human genetics, population biology
and epidemiology, racial history, paleontology.
 Types of Physical Anthropology
1. Paleoanthropology
-also known as human paleontology
-is a branch of anthropology with a human focus,
which seeks to understand the early development or the
origin of early humans
2. Primatology
-is the study of the behaviour, biology,
evolution, and taxonomy of nonhuman
primates which is primate order of mammals
other than recent humans (Homo sapiens).
3. Human Variation
-is the range of possible values
for any characteristics, physical or
mental, of human beings.
4. Racial History
-which deals with the study of
the nature of races.
5. Neuroanthropology
-which deals with the study of
evolution of the human brain, and of
culture as neurological adaptation of the
species to its environment
6. Human Osteology
-which deals with the study
of skeletal materials.
7. Forensic Anthropology
-which deals with the analysis
and identification of human remains in
the service of coroners or medical
examiners.
2. Cultural Anthropology
-studies the origins of man’s
culture, their evolution, development,
structure and functioning of human
cultures in every place and time.
-culture is learned, shared and
transmitted independently of genetic
inheritance.
-cultural anthropologist are also
called ethnologists of ethnographers.
Ethnography
-Is derived from the Greek word “ethnos”
which means “people” and “graphein” which means
“writing”. Ethnography is pure description of the
culture of a people or an ethnic group. The fieldwork
undergone by an ethnographer includes participant
observation, interviewing and observing the people
whose customs and practices he or she is studying.
Ethnology
-Is the analysis, comparison and contrast of
cultures of people. Ethnology is concerned with the
study of the dynamics of culture- that is, how
various cultures develop and change. Ethnologists
generally used data collection through observation
and interviewing of living people.
3. Archaeology
-the ‘’study of the old’’
-is the study of the ancient and recent
human past through material remains. It is a
subfield of cultural anthropology.
-it concerned with the study of
documentary materials like fossils and
artifacts.
Types:
1. Prehistoric Archaeology
-Prehistoric archaeology focuses on past
cultures that did not have written language.

2. Historical Archaeology

-is the study of cultures that existed
(and may still) during the period of recorded
history.
3. Underwater Archaeology
-studies physical remains of
human activity that lie beneath the
surface of oceans, lakes, rivers, and
wetlands.

4. Maritime Archaeology

-the study of shipwrecks in order
to understand the construction and
operation of watercraft.
5. Industrial Archaeology
-focuses on social change during
and since the Industrial Revolution.

6. Cultural Resource Management

Archaeology
-known as ‘’CRM’’ refers to
archaeology that is conducted to comply
with federal and state laws that protect
archaeological sites.
4. Linguistic Anthropology
-it seeks to understand human
language, written and non-written,
spoken and non-verbal. The study of
how languages change over time is
termed historical linguistics.
- Anthropological Linguists are
interested primarily in the history and
structure of unwritten languages.
 Types of Linguistic Anthropology
1. Historical Linguistic
-is the study of how languages change over
time and how they may be related.

2. Structural/Descriptive Linguistic

-is the study of how contemporary
languages differ, especially in their construction.

3. Socio-Linguistic
-the study of how language is used in
social context.
Methods:
Ethnographic Method
- the participant researcher mainly
conducts first-hand observation and
immersion in human activities in a
particular socio-cultural setting for the
purpose of gaining an up-close and
personal familiarity and understanding
of the subjects being studied.
Case Study
-this research involves extensive and
in-depth documentation and analysis of
a specific subject in focus at a smaller
scale which is mainly conducted by
interview of informants, ocular
inspection of a location, and the
comparison and analysis of available
literature and databases.
Descriptive Method
- the method mainly involves the
systematic collection and analytic
processing of statistical data by
conducting a survey of a sample size of
respondents in order to accurately
describe a present existing socio-cultural
condition or situation.
Historical Method
- it entails the reconstruction of
events by piecing together evidences of
the past and examining reliable records
in order to trace and explain the
development or transformation of a
socio-cultural situation, group or
community.
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