solving word problems

INTEGER PROBLEMS
Consecutive integers are integers that follow in sequence, each number being 1 more than the previous
number, represented by n, n +1, n + 2, n + 3, ..., where n is any integer.
For example: 23, 24, 25, …

There are two types of consecutive integers:

Consecutive Even Integers - starts with an even number and each number in the sequence is 2 more
than the previous number then we will get consecutive even integers.
For example: 16,18, 20, …

Consecutive odd integers - starts with an odd number and each number in the sequence is 2 more than
the previous number then we will get consecutive odd integers.
For example: 33, 35, 37, …
 Integer problems

SOLVE:

1. The sum of three consecutive integers is -21. Find the smallest integer.
2. The sum of two odd consecutive integers is -16. Find the two integers.
3. The sum of two consecutive integers is 99. Find the value of the smaller integer.
 Integer problems

1. The sum of the least and greatest of 3 consecutive integers is 60. What are the values
of the 3 integers?

a. 24, 25, 26

b. 29, 30, 31

c. 28, 30, 32
 INTEGER PROBLEMS

2. The lengths of the sides of a triangle are consecutive odd numbers. What is the length of the
longest side if the perimeter is 45?

a. 13

b. 15

c. 17

d. 19
 INTEGER PROBLEMS

3. The sum of three consecutive integers is 15. Find the least integer.

a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
 AGE PROBLEMS
(a) If the age problem involves a single person, then it is similar to solving an Integer Problem. When
the problem involves ages in the past, present, and future, it is recommended to make a table to
organize the given data in the problem.

(b) If the age problem involves the ages of two or more people, then using a table is recommended.
A table will help you in organizing the information and in writing down the equation.
 AGE PROBLEMS
SOLVE:

1. Mary is three times as old as her son. In 12 years, Mary's age will be one year less than twice
her son's age. How old is each now?

2. Sally is 3 times as old as John. 8 years from now, Sally will be twice as old as John. How old is
John?

3. Leah is 2 less than 3 times Rachel's age. 3 years from now, Leah will be 7 more than twice
Rachel's age. How old will Rachel be in 3 years from now?
 AGE PROBLEMS
1. Five years ago, Jerry’s age was half of the age he will be in 8 years. What is Jerry’s current age?
a. 27
b. 22
c. 18
d. 15

2. Ten years from now, Keith will be three times older than he is today. What is his current age?
a. 5
b. 7
c. 9
d. 10
AGE PROBLEMS
3. Pol is 10 years younger than Greg. In 7 years, he will be 10 years more than one half
as old as Greg. Find Greg’s present age.
a. 23
b. 27
c. 33
d. 35
MONEY PROBLEMS
Word problems that deal with the value, number of pieces of bills or coins, and denomination of money
are called money problems. Frequently asked questions on money problems are:

(a) How many bills of each type does he have?

(b) How many P5 coins did she get?

(c) How much money did she pay?

In order to properly solve money problems, it is recommended that a table is constructed which
includes the kind of denomination, the number of pieces of coins or bills, and its value. But in other
cases, these will be changed depending on the specific problem given.
 MONEY PROBLEMS
1. A man’s wallet contains 9 bills in P500 and P100. His total money is P2900. How many P500
and P100 does he have?

2. A debtor borrowed P1000 and P200 bills in a loan company. The number of P200 bills is two
less than thrice the number of P1000 bills. If he borrowed a total of P6000, how many P1000
and P200 bills did he borrow?

3. A cashier remitted her sales which sums up to P15,800. She forgot how many P1000, P500
and P100 bills she gave but she can still remember that there are equal numbers of P1000
and P500 bills and the number of P100 bills is two less than the number of P500 bills. How
many P100 bills did she remit?
Money problems
1. Marie wants to buy a pair of shoes that costs P560. She has a P100, P50 and P20 bills. If
there are equal number of P100 and P20 bills and the number of P50 bills is two less than
twice the number of P100 bills, how many P50 bills does Marie have?

a. 4

b. 3

c. 2

d. 1
 Money problems
2. You have P20 and P50 bills. There are 15 more P20 bills than twice the P50 bills. The
total money you have is P1, 200. How many P20 bills do you have?

a. 25

b. 35

c. 45

d. 60
DISTANCE PROBLEMS
The relationship between distance, rate (or speed), and
time is expressed in the formula:

1. Two cars started from the same point, at 5 am, traveling in opposite directions at 40 and
50 mph respectively. At what time will they be 450 miles apart?

2. Two trains, traveling towards each other, left from two stations that are 900 miles apart,
at 4 pm. If the rate of the first train is 72 mph and the rate of the second train is 78 mph,
at what time will they pass each other?
 Distance problems

3. At 9 am a car (A) began a journey from a point, traveling at 40 mph. At 10 am another car
(B) started traveling from the same point at 60 mph in the same direction as car (A). At
what time will car B pass car A?

4. Two cars started at the same time, from the same point, driving along the same road.
The rate of the first car is 50 mph and the rate of the second car is 60 mph. How long
will it take for the distance between the two cars to be 30 miles?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
Work problems
Work problems usually involve situations such as two people working together to paint a
house. You are usually told how long each person takes to paint a similarly-sized house, and
you are asked how long it will take the two of them to paint the house when they work
together.
1 1 1
+ =
𝐴 𝐵 𝑇
1. Suppose one painter can paint the entire house in twelve hours, and the second painter
takes eight hours to paint a similarly-sized house. How long would it take the two
painters together to paint the house?
 Work problems
2. Walter and Duke are asked to build a fence. Walter can do the job by himself in 12 hours
while Duke can do the same job by himself in 16 hours. How long would it take both men,
working together, to build the same fence?

3. Tom and Jerry have to stuff and mail 1000 envelopes for a new marketing campaign.
Jerry can do the job alone in 6 hours. If Tom helps, they can get the job done in 4 hours.
How long would it take Tom to do the job by himself?

4. One roofer can put a new roof on a house three times faster than another. Working
together they can roof a house in 5 days. How long would it take the faster roofer
working alone?
 probability
Probabilities are associated with experiments where the outcome is not known in advance or
cannot be predicted.

For example, if you toss a coin, will you obtain a head or tail?

If you roll a die, will obtain you 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6?

Probability measures and quantifies "how likely" an event, related to these types of experiment,
will happen. The value of a probability is a number between 0 and 1 inclusive. An event that
cannot occur has a probability (of happening) equal to 0 and the probability of an event that is
certain to occur has a probability equal to 1
probability
Classical Probability Formula =

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒

Empirical Probability Formula =

𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑙𝑖𝑘𝑒𝑙𝑦
𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
probability

1. A die is rolled, find the probability of getting a 3.

2. A die is rolled, find the probability of getting an even number.
3. If two coins are tossed, what is the probability of getting an odd number.
4. If two coins are tossed, what is the probability of getting a tail?
5. In a box are 3 red balls, 6 blue balls, and 7 black balls. What is the probability of randomly
picking a red ball? A blue ball? Or a black ball?
probability
The table below shows students distribution per
grade in a school.

Grade frequency
1 50
If a student is selected at random
2 30 from this school, what is the
3 40 probability that this student is in
4 42 grade 3?

5 38
6 50